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限定词的顺序

已有 4464 次阅读 2016-9-30 17:22 |系统分类:教学心得

这些东西,总觉得不是事,但现在看来,是最影响英文写作的东西,看看老外怎么叫语法。Order of Determiners

There are rules about the order of determiners in a noun phrase.

1. It's possible to have NO determiner: John likes dogs. People breathe air. Wine is alcohol. This is the so-called "zero determiner", and is mainly possible with proper nouns (ie names), plural countable nouns and uncountable nouns.

2. All determiners, when present, come at the BEGINNING of a noun phrase (before any adjectives):the big black dog / my favourite car

3. If you have a "main determiner", you can have only ONE. The main determiners are:

  • articles: a/an, the

  • demonstratives: this/that, these/those

  • possessives: my/your/his etc

So if you have an article, you cannot also have a demonstrative. If you have a possessive, you cannot also have an article. You can have one article OR one demonstrative OR one possessive. For example, you can say "this dog" or "my dog", but you cannot say "this my dog". The table below shows how the main determiners "mutually exclude" each other:

noun phrase
main determiners
articlesdemonstrativespossessives
a dog
the soup
this flower
those birds
mysister
theircar

4. Some determiners function as "pre-determiners" — they can come BEFORE a main determiner. You can have ONE pre-determiner: all the right people / half my weight

5. Other determiners function as "post-determiners" — they can come AFTER a main determiner. You can have ONE OR MORE post-determiners: the next time / my first two jobs

6. If you do have more than one determiner, the table below is a guide to the normal order. Remember, this is a guide only. Not every combination is possible.

you can have up to
one of these +one of these +one or more of these
pre-deter-
miners
main determinerspost-determiners
quant-
ifiers
art-
icles
demon-
stratives
posses-
sives
ordinalscardinals, other quant-
ifiers
all, both
half, one-third
double, twice, ten times
a/
an/
the
this/that
these/
those
my/her etcfirst/
second...
last/next
one/two...
many/
much
more/
most
few/little
less/least
several
other
all those lastfewdollars
both my younger sisters
three times your salary
a little morered wine
an- -otherdrink
the mostmoney
the nextthreeweeks
these firstthreeseats
mylast wife
hernexttwohusbands
four morepeople
several otherfriends




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