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科学奇闻：一项研究能发表33篇论文
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科学奇闻：一项研究能发33篇论文
诸平
我们经常听到有些人为了充数，将一项研究结果分成若干个小问题分别发表，但充其量也就是3-4篇而已。这种论文发表方式被称之为“萨拉米出版（Salami publication）”或者“香肠论文（salami slicing）”而据《发现者》（Discover）杂志网站2018年3月3日报道，《伊朗医学档案》（Archives of Iranian Medicine）将一项伊朗人心理健康方面的研究结果分成33篇论文分别发表，其目的可能与试图提高引用频次有关，而且作者之一是该杂志的副主编，在所有论文的致谢中都提到该杂志主编，看来如此切香肠式多篇发表主编和副主编知晓或者直接参与其中。另外，33篇论文中有31篇是同一天发表的。更多信息请浏览原文：
Scientific Salami Slicing: 33 Papers from 1 Study
“Salami slicing” refers to the practice of breaking scientific studies down into small chunks and publishing each part as a seperate paper.
Given that scientists are judged in large part by the number of peer-reviewed papers they produce, it’s easy to understand the temptation to engage in salami publication. It’s officialy discouraged, but it’s still very common to see researchers writing perhaps 3 or 4 papers based on a single project that could, realistically, have been one big paper.
But I’ve just come across a salami that’s been sliced up so thinly that it’s just absurd. The journal Archives of Iranian Medicine just published a set of 33 papers about one study. Here they are – this is a rather silly image, but it’s a silly situation:
Search results, Items: 33
Select item 294811471.
Noorbala AA, Bagheri Yazdi SA, Faghihzadeh S, Kamali K, Faghihzadeh E, Hajebi A, Akhondzadeh S, Armani Kian A, Nasr S.
Arch Iran Med. 2017 Nov 1;20(11 Suppl. 1):S127-S130.
PMID:
29481147
Select item 294811462.
Noorbala AA, Bagheri Yazdi SA, Faghihzadeh S, Kamali K, Faghihzadeh E, Hajebi A, Akhondzadeh S, Yasini Ardekani SM, Farahzadi MH, Zare F.
Arch Iran Med. 2017 Nov 1;20(11 Suppl. 1):S123-S126.
PMID:
29481146
Select item 294811453.
Noorbala AA, Bagheri Yazdi SA, Faghihzadeh S, Kamali K, Faghihzadeh E, Hajebi A, Akhondzadeh S, Sedighnia A, Karimi H.
Arch Iran Med. 2017 Nov 1;20(11 Suppl. 1):S119-S122.
PMID:
29481145
Select item 294811444.
Noorbala AA, Bagheri Yazdi SA, Faghihzadeh S, Kamali K, Faghihzadeh E, Hajebi A, Akhondzadeh S, Abbasinejad M, Zarkesh A, Amirloo F, Ghafarzadeh M.
Arch Iran Med. 2017 Nov 1;20(11 Suppl. 1):S115-S118.
PMID:
29481144
Select item 294811435.
Noorbala AA, Bagheri Yazdi SA, Faghihzadeh S, Kamali K, Faghihzadeh E, Hajebi A, Akhondzadeh S, Akbari A, Kazemi B.
Arch Iran Med. 2017 Nov 1;20(11 Suppl. 1):S111-S114.
PMID:
29481143
Select item 294811426.
Noorbala AA, Bagheri Yazdi SA, Faghihzadeh S, Kamali K, Faghihzadeh E, Hajebi A, Akhondzadeh S, Shakiba M, Sargazi F, Shahriari S.
Arch Iran Med. 2017 Nov 1;20(11 Suppl. 1):S107-S110.
PMID:
29481142
Select item 294811417.
Noorbala AA, Bagheri Yazdi SA, Faghihzadeh S, Kamali K, Faghihzadeh E, Hajebi A, Akhondzadeh S, Mozhdehi Fard M, Haghighat S, Mohammadi Rad A.
Arch Iran Med. 2017 Nov 1;20(11 Suppl. 1):S103-S106.
PMID:
29481141
Select item 294811408.
Noorbala AA, Bagheri Yazdi SA, Faghihzadeh S, Kamali K, Faghihzadeh E, Hajebi A, Akhondzadeh S, Ghazizadeh Hashemi F, Okhravi N.
Arch Iran Med. 2017 Nov 1;20(11 Suppl. 1):S99-S102.
PMID:
29481140
Select item 294811399.
A Survey on Mental Health Status of Adult Population Aged 15 and above in the Province of Qom, Iran.
Noorbala AA, Bagheri Yazdi SA, Faghihzadeh S, Kamali K, Faghihzadeh E, Hajebi A, Akhondzadeh S, Noroozinejad G, Bagheri M.
Arch Iran Med. 2017 Nov 1;20(11 Suppl. 1):S95-S98.
PMID:
29481139
Select item 2948113810.
Noorbala AA, Bagheri Yazdi SA, Faghihzadeh S, Kamali K, Faghihzadeh E, Hajebi A, Akhondzadeh S, Jafarinia M, Mohammadizadeh L.
Arch Iran Med. 2017 Nov 1;20(11 Suppl. 1):S91-S94.
PMID:
29481138
Select item 2948113711.
Noorbala AA, Bagheri Yazdi SA, Faghihzadeh S, Kamali K, Faghihzadeh E, Hajebi A, Akhondzadeh S, Akbari A, Yousefnejad Z.
Arch Iran Med. 2017 Nov 1;20(11 Suppl. 1):S87-S90.
PMID:
29481137
Select item 2948113612.
Noorbala AA, Bagheri Yazdi SA, Faghihzadeh S, Kamali K, Faghihzadeh E, Hajebi A, Akhondzadeh S, Shakiba A, Hashem Zehi MR.
Arch Iran Med. 2017 Nov 1;20(11 Suppl. 1):S83-S86.
PMID:
29481136
Select item 2948113513.
Noorbala AA, Bagheri Yazdi SA, Faghihzadeh S, Kamali K, Faghihzadeh E, Hajebi A, Akhondzadeh S, Mozhdehi Fard M, Ghasemzadeh M, Zari Moghaddam Z.
Arch Iran Med. 2017 Nov 1;20(11 Suppl. 1):S79-S82.
PMID:
29481135
Select item 2948113414.
Noorbala AA, Bagheri Yazdi SA, Faghihzadeh S, Kamali K, Faghihzadeh E, Hajebi A, Akhondzadeh S, Rahimnia M, Mansouri F.
Arch Iran Med. 2017 Nov 1;20(11 Suppl. 1):S75-S78.
PMID:
29481134
Select item 2948113315.
Noorbala AA, Bagheri Yazdi SA, Faghihzadeh S, Kamali K, Faghihzadeh E, Hajebi A, Akhondzadeh S, Rezaei F, Vafaei F.
Arch Iran Med. 2017 Nov 1;20(11 Suppl. 1):S71-S74.
PMID:
29481133
Select item 2948113216.
Noorbala AA, Bagheri Yazdi SA, Faghihzadeh S, Kamali K, Faghihzadeh E, Hajebi A, Akhondzadeh S, Hormozpour M, Aranpour H.
Arch Iran Med. 2017 Nov 1;20(11 Suppl. 1):S67-S70.
PMID:
29481132
Select item 2948113117.
Noorbala AA, Bagheri Yazdi SA, Faghihzadeh S, Kamali K, Faghihzadeh E, Hajebi A, Akhondzadeh S, Noroozinejad GH, DavasazTehrani R.
Arch Iran Med. 2017 Nov 1;20(11 Suppl. 1):S63-S66.
PMID:
29481131
Select item 2948113018.
Noorbala AA, Bagheri Yazdi SA, Faghihzadeh S, Kamali K, Faghihzadeh E, Hajebi A, Akhondzadeh S, Nejatisafa AA, Haghighian RM.
Arch Iran Med. 2017 Nov 1;20(11 Suppl. 1):S59-S62.
PMID:
29481130
Select item 2948112919.
Noorbala AA, Bagheri Yazdi SA, Faghihzadeh S, Kamali K, Faghihzadeh E, Hajebi A, Akhondzadeh S, Divsalar P, Kaviani N, Sarhadi Z, Bashar A.
Arch Iran Med. 2017 Nov 1;20(11 Suppl. 1):S55-S58.
PMID:
29481129
Select item 2948112820.
Noorbala AA, Bagheri Yazdi SA, Faghihzadeh S, Kamali K, Faghihzadeh E, Hajebi A, Akhondzadeh S, Sharafi SE, Geramian N.
Arch Iran Med. 2017 Nov 1;20(11 Suppl. 1):S51-S54.
PMID:
29481128
Select item 2948112721.
Noorbala AA, Bagheri Yazdi SA, Faghihzadeh S, Kamali K, Faghihzadeh E, Hajebi A, Akhondzadeh S, Yahyavi ST, Baluchi S.
Arch Iran Med. 2017 Nov 1;20(11 Suppl. 1):S47-S50.
PMID:
29481127
Select item 2948112622.
Noorbala AA, Bagheri Yazdi SA, Faghihzadeh S, Kamali K, Faghihzadeh E, Hajebi A, Akhondzadeh S, Yasini Ardekani SM, Golamzadeh T.
Arch Iran Med. 2017 Nov 1;20(11 Suppl. 1):S43-S46.
PMID:
29481126
Select item 2948112523.
Noorbala AA, Bagheri Yazdi SA, Faghihzadeh S, Kamali K, Faghihzadeh E, Hajebi A, Akhondzadeh S, Abbasi Nejad M, Solgi A.
Arch Iran Med. 2017 Nov 1;20(11 Suppl. 1):S39-S42.
PMID:
29481125
Select item 2948112424.
Noorbala AA, Bagheri Yazdi SA, Faghihzadeh S, Kamali K, Faghihzadeh E, Hajebi A, Akhondzadeh S, Shakiba A, Hashemi Nasab SM.
Arch Iran Med. 2017 Nov 1;20(11 Suppl. 1):S35-S38.
PMID:
29481124
Select item 2948112325.
Noorbala AA, Bagheri Yazdi SA, Faghihzadeh S, Kamali K, Faghihzadeh E, Hajebi A, Akhondzadeh S, Shakiba A, Baftahchi S, Skandari B.
Arch Iran Med. 2017 Nov 1;20(11 Suppl. 1):S31-S34.
PMID:
29481123
Select item 2948112226.
Noorbala AA, Bagheri Yazdi SA, Faghihzadeh S, Kamali K, Faghihzadeh E, Hajebi A, Akhondzadeh S, Hedayati A, Rezaei F, Sahraeian L.
Arch Iran Med. 2017 Nov 1;20(11 Suppl. 1):S27-S30.
PMID:
29481122
Select item 2948112127.
Noorbala AA, Bagheri Yazdi SA, Faghihzadeh S, Kamali K, Faghihzadeh E, Hajebi A, Akhondzadeh S, Sedighnia A, Asle Rahimi V.
Arch Iran Med. 2017 Nov 1;20(11 Suppl. 1):S23-S26.
PMID:
29481121
Select item 2948112028.
Noorbala AA, Bagheri Yazdi SA, Faghihzadeh S, Kamali K, Faghihzadeh E, Hajebi A, Akhondzadeh S, Shahmansouri N, Shakeri M.
Arch Iran Med. 2017 Nov 1;20(11 Suppl. 1):S19-S22.
PMID:
29481120
Select item 2948111929.
Noorbala AA, Bagheri Yazdi SA, Faghihzadeh S, Kamali K, Faghihzadeh E, Hajebi A, Akhondzadeh S, Hedayati A, Akbari Zadeh F.
Arch Iran Med. 2017 Nov 1;20(11 Suppl. 1):S15-S18.
PMID:
29481119
Select item 2948111830.
Noorbala AA, Bagheri Yazdi SA, Faghihzadeh S, Kamali K, Faghihzadeh E, Hajebi A, Akhondzadeh S, Sedighnia A, Azimi A.
Arch Iran Med. 2017 Nov 1;20(11 Suppl. 1):S11-S14.
PMID:
29481118
Select item 2948111731.
Noorbala AA, Bagheri Yazdi SA, Faghihzadeh S, Kamali K, Faghihzadeh E, Hajebi A, Akhondzadeh S, Ghazizadeh Hashemi F, Asadi A, Niknejad M.
Arch Iran Med. 2017 Nov 1;20(11 Suppl. 1):S7-S10.
PMID:
29481117
Select item 2948111632.
Trends of Mental Health Status in Iranian Population Aged 15 and above between 1999 and 2015.
Noorbala AA, Bagheri Yazdi SA, Faghihzadeh S, Kamali K, Faghihzadeh E, Hajebi A, Akhondzadeh S, Esalatmanesh S, Bagheri Yazdi H, Abbasinejad M, Asadi A.
Arch Iran Med. 2017 Nov 1;20(11 Suppl. 1):S2-S6.
PMID:
29481116
Select item 2828780533.
Mental Health Survey of the Iranian Adult Population in 2015.
Noorbala AA, Faghihzadeh S, Kamali K, Bagheri Yazdi SA, Hajebi A, Mousavi MT, Akhondzadeh S, Faghihzadeh E, Nouri B.
Arch Iran Med. 2017 Mar;20(3):128-134. doi: 0172003/AIM.003.
PMID:
28287805
Yes, a single survey of the mental health of the Iranian population has been published 33 times. 31 of these papers (all published on the same day) are devoted to the Iranian provinces – there are 31 provinces of Iran, and each province got its own paper listing the results from that area. The author lists are more or less identical every time.
This degree of slicing is not standard practice when publishing national epidemiological statistics, for obvious reasons. For one thing, it will make it difficult for readers to compare rates of disease across different provinces. They’d need to consult all 31 papers. Then they would need 31 citations to refer to all of those papers if they publish the comparison. It’s just not practical.
Writing the 31 provincal papers would also have been a huge amount of work for the authors, although they seem to have cut some corners here, because the papers contain a lot of overlapping text. I guess however you slice a sausage, all the pieces contain the same meat. Here’s a sample of the overlap:
As well as the 31 province papers, there are 2 other Archives of Iranian Medicine papers that sum up the whole mental health survey (1, 2). One or two summary papers like this are what you’d expect to see from a study of this kind. The provincal data would usually be included in these papers as a supplementary material.
Oh, and one of the summary papers has already been cited 34 times – guess where 33 of those citations come from?
So why did Archives of Iranian Medicine allow this? On Twitter, it was spotted that one of the authors is an associate editor at the journal, which may be relevant. The Editor-in-Chief of Archives of Iranian Medicine is not listed as an author, but he is thanked in all of the papers for his “comprehensive support” of the project.
Overall, this is the worst case of salami slicing – or sosis slicing – I’ve ever seen.
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-212210-1102472.html
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