2020年搞笑诺贝尔奖揭晓

诸平

在第30届首次搞笑诺贝尔奖颁奖典礼（30th First Annual Ig Nobel Prize ceremony）上，有关振动的蚯蚓、不良蜘蛛昆虫学家和用氦气吹响的短吻鳄的研究获得了最高荣誉。2020年9月17日，通过互联网在横跨六大洲的一次活动中，颁发了奇特而受欢迎的奖项，“使人大笑，然后又思考”的本年度搞笑诺贝尔奖。此次活动由《不可能的研究纪事》（Annals of Improbable Research）杂志承办，并由该杂志编辑马克·亚伯拉罕斯（Marc Abrahams）以异想天开的机智担任主持人。

2020年搞笑诺贝尔奖奖项获得者：

声学奖 [奥地利，瑞典，日本，美国，瑞士]
斯蒂芬·雷伯（Stephan Reber）、西村武石（Takeshi Nishimura）、朱迪思·詹尼斯（Judith Janisch）、马克·罗伯逊（Mark Robertson）和特库姆塞·菲奇（Tecumseh Fitch），他们诱使一只雌性扬子鳄在充满氦气的密闭腔室中吼叫。参加颁奖典礼的有斯蒂芬·雷伯（Stephan Reber）、西村武石（Takeshi Nishimura）、朱迪思·詹尼斯（Judith Janisch）、马克·罗伯逊（Mark Robertson）和特库姆塞·菲奇（Tecumseh Fitch）。

参考文献：Stephan A. Reber, Takeshi Nishimura, Judith Janisch, Mark Robertson, W. Tecumseh Fitch.“A Chinese Alligator in Heliox: Formant Frequencies in a Crocodilian,”  Journal of Experimental Biology, 2015，vol. 218, pp. 2442-2447.

心理学奖 [加拿大，美国]
米兰达·贾科明（Miranda Giacomin）和尼古拉斯·鲁莱（Nicholas Rule）设计了一种通过检查眉毛来识别自恋者的方法。两位都参加了颁奖仪式。

参考文献：Miranda Giacomin， Nicholas O. Rule.“Eyebrows Cue Grandiose Narcissism,”  Journal of Personality, 2019, vol. 87, no. 2,  pp. 373-385.

和平奖 [印度，巴基斯坦]

印度和巴基斯坦政府，使他们的外交官在深夜里秘密地敲响彼此的门铃，然后在任何人没有机会回答门禁之前就逃走了（The governments of India and Pakistan, for having their diplomats surreptitiously ring each other’s doorbells in the middle of the night, and then run away before anyone had a chance to answer the door.）。

参考文献：Numerous news reports.

物理奖 [澳大利亚，乌克兰，法国，意大利，德国，英国，南非]
伊万·马克西莫夫（Ivan Maksymov）和安德里·波托茨基（Andriy Pototsky），通过实验确定了当人以高频振动时，活生生的蚯蚓形状会怎样。两位均参加了颁奖典礼。
参考文献：Ivan S. Maksymov, Andriy Pototsky.“Excitation of Faraday-like body waves in vibrated living earthworms,”  bioRxiv 10.1101/868521, December 8, 2019.

经济奖 [英国，波兰，法国，巴西，智利，哥伦比亚，澳大利亚，意大利，意大利，挪威，意大利]

克里斯托弗·沃特金斯（Christopher Watkins）、胡安·戴维·隆格梅兹（Juan David Leongómez）、珍妮·博维特（Jeanne Bovet）、阿格涅什卡·埃拉涅尼维奇（Agnieszka Żelaźniewicz）、马克斯·科布马赫（Max Korbmacher）、马可·安东尼奥·科雷拉·瓦雷拉(Marco Antônio Corrêa Varella)、安娜·玛丽亚·费尔南德斯（Ana Maria Fernandez）、丹妮尔·瓦格斯塔夫（Danielle Wagstaff）和萨姆拉·伯冈（Samuela Bolgan），他们试图量化不同国家的国民收入不平等与口对口接吻的平均数量之间的关系。只有克里斯托弗·沃特金斯（Christopher Watkins）参加了颁奖典礼。

参考文献：Christopher D. Watkins, Juan David Leongómez, Jeanne Bovet, Agnieszka Żelaźniewicz, Max Korbmacher, Marco Antônio Corrêa Varella, Ana Maria Fernandez, Danielle Wagstaff, and Samuela Bolgan.“National Income Inequality Predicts Cultural Variation in Mouth to Mouth Kissing,”  Scientific Reports, 2019,, vol. 9, article no. 6698.

管理奖 [中国]

奚广安、莫天祥、杨康生、杨广生和凌显四，是中国广西的五名职业杀手，他们通过以下方式管理了一份命中工作的合同（为金钱而谋杀）：在接受付款后以执行谋杀，奚广安随后将任务分包给了莫天祥，然后将任务转包给杨康生，向然后将任务转包给杨广生，然后杨广生又将任务转包给凌显四，随后每个征募的杀手都要收取较小的费用，实际上没有人进行谋杀。

(奚广安) Xi Guang-An, (莫天祥) Mo Tian-Xiang, (杨康生) Yang Kang-Sheng, (杨广生) Yang Guang-Sheng, and (凌显四) Ling Xian Si, five professional hitmen in Guangxi, China, who managed a contract for a hit job (a murder performed for money) in the following way: After accepting payment to perform the murder, Xi Guang-An then instead subcontracted the task to Mo Tian-Xiang, who then instead subcontracted the task to Yang Kang-Sheng, who then instead subcontracted the task to Yang Guang-Sheng, who then instead subcontracted the task to Ling Xian-Si, with each subsequently enlisted hitman receiving a smaller percentage of the fee, and nobody actually performing a murder.
参考文献: Numerous news reports.

昆虫学奖 [美国] 

理查德·维特（Richard Vetter），因为收集了许多昆虫学家（研究昆虫的科学家）害怕蜘蛛而不是蜘蛛的证据。理查德·维特参加了颁奖典礼.

参考文献：Richard S. Vetter.“Arachnophobic Entomologists: When Two More Legs Makes a Big Difference,” American Entomologist, 2013, vol. 59, no. 3,  pp. 168-175.

医学奖 [荷兰，比利时]、医学教育奖 [巴西，英国，印度，墨西哥，白俄罗斯，美国，土耳其，俄罗斯，土库曼斯坦]以及材料科学奖 [美国，英国]的多位获奖者等详见原文报道。

MEDICINE PRIZE [THE NETHERLANDS, BELGIUM]
Nienke Vulink, Damiaan Denys, and Arnoud van Loon, for diagnosing a long-unrecognized medical condition: Misophonia, the distress at hearing other people make chewing sounds.
REFERENCE: “Misophonia: Diagnostic Criteria for a New Psychiatric Disorder,” Arjan Schroder, Nienke Vulink, and Damiaan Denys, PLoS ONE, vol. 8, no. 1, 2013, e54706.
REFERENCE: “Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is Effective in Misophonia: An Open Trial,” Arjan E., Schröder, Nienke C. Vulink, Arnoud J. van Loon, and Damiaan A. Denys, Journal of Affective Disorders, vol. 217, 2017, pp. 289-294.
WHO PARTICIPATED IN THE CEREMONY: Nienke Vulink, Damiaan Denys, and Arnoud van Loon

MEDICAL EDUCATION PRIZE [BRAZIL, UK, INDIA, MEXICO, BELARUS, USA, TURKEY, RUSSIA, TURKMENISTAN]
Jair Bolsonaro of Brazil, Boris Johnson of the United Kingdom, Narendra Modi of India, Andrés Manuel López Obrador of Mexico, Alexander Lukashenko of Belarus, Donald Trump of the USA, Recep Tayyip Erdogan of Turkey, Vladimir Putin of Russia, and Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow of Turkmenistan, for using the Covid-19 viral pandemic to teach the world that politicians can have a more immediate effect on life and death than scientists and doctors can.
REFERENCE: Numerous news reports.
NOTE: This is the second Ig Nobel Prize awarded to Alexander Lukashenko. In the year 2013, the Ig Nobel Peace Prize was awarded jointly to Alexander Lukashenko, for making it illegal to applaud in public, AND to the Belarus State Police, for arresting a one-armed man for applauding.

MATERIALS SCIENCE PRIZE [USA, UK]
Metin Eren, Michelle Bebber, James Norris, Alyssa Perrone, Ashley Rutkoski, Michael Wilson, and Mary Ann Raghanti, for showing that knives manufactured from frozen human feces do not work well.
REFERENCE: “Experimental Replication Shows Knives Manufactured from Frozen Human Feces Do Not Work,” Metin I. Eren, Michelle R. Bebber, James D. Norris, Alyssa Perrone, Ashley Rutkoski, Michael Wilson, and Mary Ann Raghanti, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, vol. 27, no. 102002, October 2019.
WHO PARTICIPATED IN THE CEREMONY: Metin Eren, Michelle Bebber, James Norris, Alyssa Perrone, Ashley Rutkoski, Michael Wilson, and Mary Ann Raghanti