||
Yet, in fact, as I shall show here with very good reasons, the properties of the numbers known today have been mostly discovered by observation, and discovered long before their truth has been confirmed by rigid demonstrations.
——Leonhard Paul Euler
事实上,正如我以非常充分的理由在此将要指出的那样,今天人们所知道的数的性质,几乎都是由观察所发现的,并且早在用严格论证确认其真实性之前就被发现了。
[图片,科普,数学] 素数(41):黎曼ζ函数 Riemann zeta function 的零点之三
黎曼ζ函数: Riemann zeta function, Riemann ζ function
平凡零点: trivial zero
非平凡零点: nontrivial zero
临界带: critical strip
素数: prime number
算术基本定理: fundamental theorem of arithmetic
素数计数函数: prime counting function
素数定理: prime number theorem
对数积分: logarithmic integral
唯一分解定理: unique factorization theorem
黎曼假设: Riemann Hypothesis
希尔伯特的第 8问题: Hilbert's 8th Problem
网上有不少对黎曼ζ函数(Riemann zeta function, Riemann ζ function)零点(zeros)数值计算的结果。陆续搜集汇总如下。
下面是 m-brella.be 和 math.stackexchange 里的一些数值计算结果:
Riemann Zeta Function, m-brella.be

图1 rimg2811.gif
http://www.m-brella.be/math/topics/RiemannZetaFunction_bestanden/rimg2811.gif

图2 rimg2812.gif
http://www.m-brella.be/math/topics/RiemannZetaFunction_bestanden/rimg2812.gif

图3 rimg2813.gif
http://www.m-brella.be/math/topics/RiemannZetaFunction_bestanden/rimg2813.gif
The Riemann zeta function is an extremely important special function of mathematics and physics that arises in definite integration and is intimately related with very deep results surrounding the prime number theorem. While many of the properties of this function have been investigated, there remain important fundamental conjectures (most notably the Riemann hypothesis) that remain unproved to this day. The Riemann zeta function ζ(s) is defined over the complex plane for one complex variable, and is conventionally denoted s (instead of the usual z) in deference to the notation used by Riemann in his 1859 paper that founded the study of this function (Riemann 1859). It is implemented in Mathematica as Zeta[s].
【机器翻译】黎曼ζ函数是数学和物理学中一个极其重要的特殊函数,它出现在定积分中,与素数定理周围的非常深入的结果密切相关。虽然这个函数的许多性质已经被研究过,但仍然有一些重要的基本猜想(最著名的是黎曼假设)至今仍未得到证实。黎曼ζ函数 ζ(s) 是在复平面上为一个复变量定义的,并且通常表示为s(而不是通常的z),这与黎曼在1859年的论文中使用的符号不同,该论文建立了对该函数的研究(Riemann 1859)。它在 Mathematica 中实现为 Zeta[s]。

图4 rimg2814.gif
http://www.m-brella.be/math/topics/RiemannZetaFunction_bestanden/rimg2814.gif
The plot above shows the "ridges" of |ζ(x+iy)| for 0<x<1 and 1<y<100. The fact that the ridges appear to decrease monotonically is not a coincidence, since monotonic decrease in fact implies the Riemann hypothesis (Zvengrowski and Saidak 2003; Borwein and Borwein 2003, pp. 95-96).
【机器翻译】上图显示了 0<x<1 和 1<y<100 时 |ζ(x+iy)| 的“脊”。脊似乎单调下降的事实并非巧合,因为单调下降实际上意味着黎曼假设(Zvengrowski和Saidak 2003;Borwein和Borwein 2003,第95-96页)。
A the twelves zero this looks, math.stackexchange
A 第 12 个零点看起来像

图5 RlZop.jpg
https://i.sstatic.net/RlZop.jpg
And at the 120's
第 120 个零点看起来像

图6 TigKj.jpg
https://i.sstatic.net/TigKj.jpg
This is the 23999 and 24000's zero. They are already close together. They differ by 0.498732.
这是第 23999 和 24000 个零点。它们已经很靠近了。两者相差 0.498732。

图7 I7Cqi.jpg
https://i.sstatic.net/I7Cqi.jpg

图8 1ZVc0.jpg
https://i.sstatic.net/1ZVc0.jpg
参考资料:
[1] 葛力明,薛博卿. 黎曼ζ-函数的零点都有1/2+it的形式吗?[J]. 科学通报, 2018, 63(2): 141-147.
doi: 10.1360/N972017-00022
https://www.sciengine.com/CSB/doi/10.1360/N972017-00022
以前的《科学网》相关博文链接:
[1] 2026-04-19 20:34,[图片,科普,数学] 素数(39):黎曼ζ函数 Riemann zeta function 的零点之二
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1531058.html
[2] 2026-04-18 21:05,[图片,科普,数学] 素数(38):黎曼ζ函数 Riemann zeta function 的零点之一
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1530979.html
[3] 2026-04-20 21:26,[图片,科普,数学] 素数(40):黎曼假设 Riemann Hypothesis 与 end effects 端点效应之二
—— 黎曼假设 Riemann Hypothesis、黎曼素数计数函数 Riemann Prime Counting Function,在进行数值计算时,也会遇到“端点效应 end effects”吗?这是“周期性分解”的共同问题吗?
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1531246.html
[4] 2026-04-17 21:28,[笔记,科普,数学] 素数(37):“黎曼假设/猜想”与素数计数函数 prime counting function
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1530901.html
[5] 2026-04-16 22:08,[打听,科普,数学] 素数(36):有穷项的计算,会得到精确的素数计数函数的数值吧?
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1530752.html
[6] 2026-04-15 20:57,[随感,科普,数学] 素数(35):不同素数计数函数方法的准确性(关联:端点效应 end effects,置信区间,等)
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1530553.html
[7] 2026-04-11 16:49,[观察,科普,数学] 素数(31):黎曼 Riemann 素数计数函数“端点效应 end effects”的两个特点
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1529947.html
[8] 2026-04-10 16:28,[打听,科普,数学] 素数(30):黎曼假设 Riemann Hypothesis 与 end effects 端点效应
—— 黎曼假设 Riemann Hypothesis、黎曼素数计数函数 Riemann Prime Counting Function,在进行数值计算时,也会遇到“端点效应 end effects”吗?这是“周期性分解”的共同问题吗?
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1529817.html
[9] 2026-04-09 21:23,[图片,科普,数学] 素数(29):素数计数函数 prime counting function <1,000,000
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1529693.html
[10] 2026-04-08 22:29,[笔记,科普,数学] 素数(28):素数计数函数 prime counting function <10^27(全网址)
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1529524.html
[11] 2026-03-27 21:04,[笔记,科普,数学] 素数(19):俄语资料的阅读摘录
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1527694.html
[12] 2026-03-06 01:24,[资源,科普,数学] 素数表(质数表,小于 200000) list of primes, prime numbers
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1524570.html
[13] 2026-03-04 15:36,[笔记,科普,数学] 素数(1):算术基本定理 fundamental theorem of arithmetic
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1524368.html
[14] 2024-11-10 22:51,[数学文化,笔记] 素数有无穷多个之九类证明
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1459433.html
[15] 2025-09-18 16:55,[讨论,科普] 什么是数学证明? (关联:演绎、归纳、完全归纳、合情推理)
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1502543.html
[16] 2009-03-22 20:54,什么是“证明” The definition of Proof
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-221874.html
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