中国生态文明建设（中英对照）连载之三十

环境保护部

本书由北京语言大学出版社出版，2014（教学课件光盘版） 作者 蒋高明

中国人常说，保护环境，人人有责。生态文明建设与每一个人的命运息息相关，同时需要每个人为之努力，是政府与公众共同的责任。

People in China often say that protecting the environment is everyone’s responsibility. Construction of an ecological civilization is a responsibility requiring the involvement of all. It is a shared responsibility between the Government and the public.

其实，生态环境问题在相当长的一段时期内和中国关系不大。在计划经济时期，生产发展有限而且有序，中国没有出现严重的环境污染和生态破坏。市场经济开始后，各地自主的、分散的、充满激情的经济活动带来了各种各样的生态环境问题。中国政府很早就意识到了这个问题。20世纪80年代末，生态环境保护作为一项制度，开始提到政府的议程上来。

In fact, the ecological and environmental problem did not worry China for a very long time, as it did to Western countries. In the period of planned economy, the development of production was limited and orderly, so there was no serious environmental pollution and ecological damage in China. But when the market economy is practiced, various ecological and environmental problems began to crop up because of a wide range of independent, decentralized, intense local economic activities. The Chinese government became aware of this problem long ago. In the late 1980s, ecological and environmental protection as a system came to the force on the agenda of the government.

4.1生态文明建设的相关职能部门

4.1 Related departments of ecological civilization construction

4.1.1环境保护部

4.1.1 Ministry of Environmental Protection

河水臭了，池塘里养的鱼死了，到哪里去讨说法？工厂冒浓烟，放黑水，谁来管管？这在几十年前，很多人是不会想到的。但随着全社会环保意识的加强，现在人们知道，遇到类似的严重环境问题，可以找这样一个部门——环境保护部，简称环保部。

If you find a smelly river and a stagnant pond, whom do you appeal to? If factories emit heavy smoke and discharge black water, who is in charge of putting things straight? A few decades ago, no one knew what to do. But now, with greater environmental awareness of the whole society, you can take the problems to the Ministry of Environmental Protection.

环保部是中国成立较晚、但发展较快的一个部委。1985年9月，我从山东大学考入中国科学院植物研究所，进入了环保组。那时候，中国人很自豪，因为我们没有污染问题。所以，当时中国科学院成立环境保护研究队伍，是非常超前的。我们用的参考资料中提到的全球十大污染事件，都是发达国家的例子，如英国伦敦烟雾事件、美国洛杉矶光化学烟雾事件、日本痛痛病事件等。那时，国家没有和环境相关的主管部门，如果非要找和环境有关的政府机关，只能去建设部，那里有一个城乡建设环境保护办公室。后来，在这个办公室的基础上成立了环境保护局，后更名为环保总局。

This ministry was established quite late, but it expanded rapidly. In September 1985, I was admitted to the Institute of Botany of CAS after graduating from Shandong University. At that time, Chinese people were very proud that they did not have the problem of pollution. Therefore, when CAS established an environmental protection research team, it was seen as a far too forward-looking move. The world’s top 10 pollution events used for reference all came from developed countries, such as the London Smog Disaster, Los Angeles Photochemical Smog, and Japanese Itai-itai Disease, etc. At that time, China had no environment-related competent departments. The only concerned department was the Office of Urban and Rural Environmental Protection affiliated to the Ministry of Construction. Later on, the Environmental Protection Bureau was established on the basis of this office, later renamed the Environmental Protection Administration.

2007年1月，笔者与中国环境科学院生态所所长高吉喜研究员联合撰文^[1]，指出中国经济快速发展的环境代价，呼吁政府加强环境保护工作，建议将国家环保总局更名为环保部。后来这个建议被采纳，环保部现在成为中国政府里发挥重要作用的一个部委。

In January 2007, Gao Jixi, Director of the Institute of Ecology of Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences and I co-authored an article, pointing out the environmental costs of China’s rapid economic development, calling for strengthening environmental protection on the part of the government, and proposed renaming the Environmental Protection Administration as the Ministry of Environmental Protection. Afterwards, this proposal was accepted and the Ministry of Environmental Protection is playing an important role in the government now.

可以说，与日常生活有关的各类环境问题，环保部都管。具体的工作包括以下几个方面^[2]：

The Ministry of Environmental Protection takes care of all kinds of environmental problems related to the daily life. To be specific, it:

（1）负责环境保护制度的建设；指导、协调、监督生态保护工作。

 (1) is responsible for the construction of environmental protection systems; for guiding, coordinating, and supervising the ecological protection work.

（2）承担预防、控制环境污染的责任；负责环境监测和信息发布；负责重大环境问题的处理和管理。

(2) is responsible for the prevention and control of environmental pollution; for environmental monitoring and information dissemination; and for the handling and management of major environmental issues.

（3）负责国家的环保投资类项目，推动循环经济和环保产业发展；承担落实国家减排目标的责任。

 (3) is responsible for the country’s environmental investment projects; for the promotion of the circular economy and environmental protection industry; for the implementation of national emission reduction goal.

（4）负责核安全和辐射安全的监督管理。

(4) is responsible for the supervision and management of nuclear and radiation safety.

环保部的工作涉及方方面面，包括将主要污染物控制在环境可容范围之内；以及制定水体、大气、土壤、噪声、光、恶臭、固体废物、核辐射、化学品、机动车等各项污染防治管理制度。其中大部分工作都是制度建设和日常管理。具体的环保工作，由其下属的基层环保局来完成。

The Ministry of Environmental Protection involves work in many aspects, including the control of major pollutants in the environment within a tolerable range and the formulation of prevention and management systems for water, air, soil, noise, light, odors, solid waste, nuclear radiation, chemical, motor vehicles, etc. Most of the work is related to the construction of systems and daily management. Specific environmental work is carried out by its subordinate environmental protection bureaus.

[1]蒋高明、高吉喜. 中国经济高速发展的环境代价(第二部分). 中外对话, http://www.中外对话.net/article/show/single/ch/686-The-terrible-cost-of-China-s-growth-part-two-

29 Jiang Gaoming, Gao Jixi, environmental costs of China’s rapid economic development (Part II). http://www.中外对话.net/article/show/single/ch/686-The-terrible-cost-of-China-s-growth-part-two-

[2] 环境保护部的具体职能，可以参看如下网址：http://www.mep.gov.cn/zhxx/jgzn

[2] For specific functions of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, please visit: http://www.mep.gov.cn/zhxx/jgzn