利用诱虫灯可实现农药大幅度减少——以冬小麦-夏玉米轮作系统为例

郭立月 M A Muminov 蒋高明等

（中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室）

摘要

背景：为减少环境污染，越来越多的研究倾向于用物理方法来控制害虫，物理诱虫灯就是其中的技术之一。为了减少农田农药使用量，结合杀虫灯技术，本研究在华东小麦-玉米轮作区，设计了5种处理，即仅用诱虫灯、诱虫灯+1遍农药、诱虫灯+2遍农药、诱虫灯+3遍农药、全部使用农药。

结果：当农药减少25～35%时，诱捕灯成功控制害虫种群，产量不降反增，仅在冬小麦种植前2天、小麦扬花期，夏玉米大喇叭口期各使用1遍杀虫剂。减少35～65%的农药对作物产量没有不利影响，但降低害虫控制成本，并产生最大的经济效益。在诱虫灯控制区即使不使用杀虫剂，年产量仍能达到为15 t/ha。

结论：在适当的作物生长阶段使用少量杀虫剂，利用诱虫灯可大大减少杀虫剂使用量。

关键词：农药；诱捕灯；害虫种类；冬小麦；夏玉米；经济效益

害虫管理科学，2018 在线发表DOI 10.1002/ps.4871

Large reductions in pesticides made possible by use of an insect-trapping lamp: a case study in a winter wheat-summer maize rotation system

Liyue Guo, Mahmud Abdimuratovich Muminov, Guanglei Wu,

Xiaotian Liang, Caihong Li, Jie Meng, Lijun Li, Da Cheng,

Yanjie Song, Xian Gu, Jianshe Zhao and Gaoming Jiang*

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Increasing attention is being paid to physical methods to control pests such as insect trapping. In order to examine how pesticides can reasonably be combined with the use of an insect-trapping lamp and by how much this can reduce the amount of pesticide used, five treatments were applied to a winter wheat–summer maize rotation system in eastern China: a treatment in which only pesticides were used; a treatment with only insect-trapping lamps; insect-trapping lamps plus one application of pesticides; insect-trapping lamps plus two applications of pesticides; insect-trapping lamps plus three applications of pesticides.

RESULTS: The results showed that, when pesticides were reduced by 25–35%, the insect-trapping lamps controlled the insect population well and yields were not decreased but were actually increased, with pesticides being applied only at 2 days before winter wheat planting, at winter wheat flowering and at the big flare stage of summer maize. Reducing pesticides by 35–65% had no adverse effect on crop yields, and thus has the potential to reduce the costs of pest control and produce the greatest economic benefit. When no pesticides were used in the insect-trapping lamp control area, the annual yield was still >15 t/ha.

CONCLUSION: If pesticides are used in a timely fashion and at the appropriate stage, their use may be greatly reduced with the help of an insect-trapping lamp.

Keywords: pesticide; insect-trapping lamp; pest species; winter wheat; summer maize; economic benefit

Pest Management Science，2018 online, DOI 10.1002/ps.4871