中国生态文明建设（中英对照）连载之十六

石漠化治理

本书由北京语言大学出版社出版，2014（教学课件光盘版） 作者 蒋高明

2.3.4石漠化治理

2.3.4 Stony desertification control

贵州有个黔东南州，州内有岑巩县，因为当地的喀斯特地貌，以及白云砂广泛覆盖的地质特点，该县石漠化面积高达30.5万亩，占全县总面积的13.7%。 2007年，岑巩县被列为贵州省重点石漠化综合治理防治试点县之一。此后，石漠化治理工程如火如荼。该县对石漠化土地，实行封山育林，补植补造，人工管护；对潜在石漠化的地块，采取改良土壤，培肥地力，改善耕作条件，阻止其向石漠化方向发展；在生态优质地区，协调草山改良，增加植被覆盖率，减少水土流失；同时兴修蓄水池、沉沙池、提灌站等，保证林草生长供水需要。该县石漠化治理工程的实施，促进了生态农业、特色农业、高效农业的积极发展。

In Guizhou lies Southeast Qian Prefecture, within which there is Cengong County whose stony desertification area reaches 305,000 mu, accounting for 13.7% of the county’s total area. The stony desertification has come about because of the local Karst topography and a geological feature of extensive coverage by dolomitic sand. In 2007, Cengong County was listed as one of the pilot counties for stony desertification control in Guizhou. From then on the project has been in full swing. The county sought to deal with the problem by closing hillsides to facilitate forestation, carrying out reforestation and rehabilitation of forests and sending rangers to maintain the area. As to lands with a potential for stony desertification, efforts were made to improve and fertilize the soil to increase its capacity, and to improve farming conditions. In areas with high-quality ecology, the focus was on improving pasturage, increasing vegetation coverage, and reducing soil erosion, as well as building reservoirs, expanding basins and promoting irrigation stations, etc., to ensure the water supply for pasturage and forest. The implementation of the county’s stony desertification control project has promoted development of ecological agriculture, featured agriculture, and high-efficiency agriculture.

石漠化是怎么回事呢？这在湿润、半湿润气候条件下，岩溶（石灰岩）极其发育的地质条件下，由于人为干扰等因素，造成地表植被遭受破坏，土壤严重流失，岩石大面积裸露或砾石裸露堆积。形象地说，石漠化就是山体的“皮肤”没有了，“骨头”漏了出来。中国人说“皮之不存，毛将焉附？”没有了土壤，植物就无法生存，动物群落就更难发展。这样的地表基本没有生产力和生态功能。同时，这样的地表稳定性极差，非常容易发生山体滑坡、泥石流、洪水等生态灾难，威胁人类经济发展和生命安全。

How does stony desertification happen? It occurs under humid or sub-humid conditions, in places with well-developed karst (limestone) formations, where human interference and other factors result in the destruction of the vegetation and a serious loss of soil, leading to the accumulation of bare rock or bare gravel. Figuratively speaking, stony desertification means that the mountain has lost its “skin”, revealing its “bone”. As the Chinese saying goes, “With the skin gone, to what can the hair attach itself”? Plants cannot survive without soil, and it is more difficult for plants and animals to develop. This kind of surface has basically no productivity and ecological functions. Meanwhile, the topographical stability is low and often precipitates landslides, mudslides, floods and other ecological disasters, thus threatening economic development and people’s safety.

要从根本上治理石漠化，造林绿化、恢复植被是首要措施。为此，各地进行了多种有益尝试。黔西南州坚持自然恢复与人工抚育森林植被相结合，大力实施退耕还林还草、天然林资源保护、珠江防护林、速生丰产林、水土保持等工程，森林覆盖率从2006年的40.6%提高到2011年的46.0%。广西自2001年起，实施严格的退耕还林政策，累计完成建设任务1452万亩，其中退耕地还林349万亩，荒山荒地造林950.5万亩，封山育林152.5万亩。退耕还林工程的实施，使广西直接增加森林面积1320万亩，森林覆盖率提高了3.7%。

To fundamentally control desertification, forestation and restoration of vegetation are the number one priority. To this end, many regions have made a variety of useful attempts. Qianxinan Prefecture of Guizhou Province follows a combination of natural restoration and manual culture. Great efforts have been made to convert farmland to forests or grassland, to protect natural forest and the Pearl River Protection Forest, and to promote fast-growing and high-yield plantations and water and soil conservation, etc. The forest coverage rate increased from 40.6% in 2006 to 46.0% in 2011. Since 2001, Guangxi executed a strict policy of returning farmland to forests in a total area of 14.52 million mu, of which the converted farmland amounted to 3.49 million mu, forested barren hills and wastelands to 9.505 million mu and fenced land to 1.525 million mu. The execution of the conversion project led to a direct increase of 13.2 million mu in the forest area in Guangxi and raised the forest coverage rate by 3.7%.

石漠化被称为“地球之癌”。癌症还有治吗？事实令人兴奋，经过多年努力，中国石漠化扩大趋势得到了遏制，部分地区甚至出现好转。2012年，国家林业局公布全国第二次石漠化监测结果，与2005年第一次石漠化监测相比，全国石漠化面积减少96万公顷，净减少7.4%，其中广西石漠化面积减少45.3万公顷，净减少19%。

Stony desertification is called “the Cancer of the Earth”. Can cancer be cured? Achievements are exciting. Through years of efforts, China has curbed the expanding stony desertification and revitalized many places. In 2012, the State Forestry Administration announced the results of the Second National Monitoring of Stony Desertification, which showed that, compared with 2005 when the first monitoring was conducted, an affected area of 960,000 hectares was successfully treated, a net decrease of 7.4%, including a reduction of 453,000 hectares in Guangxi, a net reduction of 19%.

这个喜讯让我们看到，石漠化治理大有希望。石漠化来源于人类活动的不当开发，只要人类控制自己的不当活动，再通过积极的努力，地球的癌症也能够得到遏制甚至好转。

This tells us that stony desertification control is full of promise. The problem arises from improper human exploitation of nature. As long as human beings control their senseless activities and take a positive action, the earth’s cancer can be curbed or even cured.

（图片来自网络）