中国生态文明建设（中英对照）连载之十四

荒漠化治理

本书由北京语言大学出版社出版，2014（教学课件光盘版） 作者 蒋高明

2.3.2荒漠化治理

2.3.2 Desertification control

上面讲的浑善达克沙地生态恢复的案例，是全国荒漠化治理的一个缩影。如果稀树疏林草地生态进一步恶化，会演化为荒漠生态，形成荒漠化。荒漠化，是大风吹蚀、流水侵蚀、土壤盐渍化等原因，使得土壤生产力下降乃至丧失，进而导致比荒漠生产力高的生态系统（1.1.1～1.1.8所述）演化为荒漠生态系统。中国是世界上荒漠化最严重的国家之一，荒漠化和沙化土地面积达438万平方公里，已经大大超过了全国耕地面积的总和，占国土面积的比例高达45%！

The aforementioned natural restoration of the Hunshandake Sandland is one example of China’s treatment of desertification. If the sparse forest ecology further deteriorates, it will become desert ecology, namely, the process of desertification. This process is the result of wind erosion, soil erosion, and soil salinization, etc. The soil productivity declines or even gets totally lost, which, in turn, will expedite the transformation of ecosystems (as mentioned in 1.1.1–1.1.8) with higher productivity than that of desert ecosystems into desert ecosystems. China is one of the countries undergoing the most serious desertification. Degraded and desertified areas reach 4.38 million square kilometers, far exceeding the total cultivated area, and accounting for 45% of the total land area!

中国人对荒漠化并不陌生。半个多世纪以来，中国政府和民间通过各种努力，与荒漠化进行了长期的斗争。在科学研究方面，中国科学家编制了1:50万的各主要沙漠化地区的沙漠化详细地图，并做出典型区沙漠化发展趋势预测图，提出了若干专题研究报告。同时，在不同类型沙漠化地区，建立沙漠化治理的示范试验基地，开展沙漠化治理研究，如宁夏沙坡头沙漠化研究站等。

Chinese people are well aware of desertification. Over half a century, the government and people have been engaged in a struggle to overcome this natural adversity. Scientific study has enabled Chinese scientists to develop a detailed map of the major areas of desertification with the map scale of 1:500,000, to make forecasts of desertification in typical areas, and to come up with a number of research reports. They have also established demonstration test bases in regions with different types of desertification, such as the Ningxia Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station.

在科学研究的基础上，中国政府实施了多项荒漠化治理措施。在半干旱区，优化土地利用结构，合理安排农业、林业、牧业的比重；对弃耕地和退化草场，实施封育，促使植被借助自然力恢复；在牧区，采取分区轮牧，限制载畜量；在工程措施上，采用生物固沙为主、工程措施固沙为辅的固沙方法。在干旱区，以内陆河流流域作为生态单元进行全面规划，合理分配上中下游用水比例；以绿洲为中心，在绿洲外建设封沙育草带，在绿洲边缘建设乔木灌木结合的防沙林带，在绿洲内部建立窄林带与小网格护田林网相结合的防护林体系；针对绿洲边缘流动沙丘，采取在沙丘表面设置沙障与障内栽植固沙植物相结合的防护体系……

On the basis of scientific research, the government has implemented a number of measures for combating desertification. In semi-arid region, it has optimized the land use structure and reasonably arranged the proportion for agricultural, forestry, and animal husbandry use; it has adopted the fencing method for abandoned farmland and depredated grassland to prompt natural restoration of vegetation. In pastoral areas, rotational grazing has been implemented to reduce the stocking rate; technically speaking, the biological sand consolidation method has been used, supplemented by engineering method of sand consolidation. In arid areas, a comprehensive plan has been carried out by taking the inland river basin as an ecological unit, and rationally distributing the ratio of water utilization for different reaches of rivers; centering on oases, sand fencing has been installed around oases for forage growth, in addition to  building sand-prevention forests with a mix of trees and shrubs along the edge of the oasis, and building shelterbelt networks combining a narrow forest belt and small-grid protective forest belt; as to migratory dunes along the edge of the oasis, the shelterbelt network technique has been adopted, by combining sand barriers on the surface of the sand dunes and planting sand binders inside the barrier…

经过几十年的努力，中国荒漠化治理已取得明显成绩。2005年第三次全国荒漠化和沙化监测结果显示，中国荒漠化和沙化土地面积同时缩小，整体扩展趋势得到初步遏制。在这一大好形势下，国家林业局又申请启动了全国性防沙治沙计划，争取到2030年，在巩固前期治理成果的基础上，沙化土地总面积逐年减少；到2050年，能够治理的沙化土地基本得到治理，最终在沙区建成较为完备的生态体系。

By dint of decades of efforts, China has made significant achievements in combating desertification. Results from the Third National Degradation and Desertification Monitoring in 2005 showed that desert areas had been reduced and  the trend of overall desert expansion had been initially curbed. Under these favorable circumstances, the State Forestry Administration applied to launch the national anti-desertification program. According to this program, by 2030 the total desertified land area will steadily fall on the basis of the former achievement. By 2050, all the desertified lands that can be treated will be basically treated until a relatively complete ecosystem will be established in the end.

荒漠化治理的成果鼓舞人心，如果全国性防沙治沙计划全面成功，中国干旱区也许再也不受风沙危害，中国北方很多地方的景观和生活环境，将有可能焕然一新。

The fruits of desertification control are inspiring. If the national anti-desertification program achieves an overall success, then China’s arid region may never suffer from hazards of sand storms and the landscape and living environment in many parts of northern China may take on an entirely new look.

（图片来自网络）