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西方的言论自由事实上是受明显限制的,但是由于其话语上的强势,让很多不明真相的人把话语当作现实。我是坚定地认为言论就该有限制,对于言论自由的讨论关注焦点应该是什么样的言论应该得到保护,什么样的应该严格限制,而不应该不加思考和研判肤浅地讨论要不要自由。对于这个观点,我另文有更详细地叙述,感兴趣的请点击博文:我不会什么言论自由的权利都支持。
今天看新闻又注意到一个来自USA的案例,说的是伊利诺伊斯州一位高中教师Jordan Parmenter
在课堂上为学生们演示USA的言论自由以彰显国家之伟大而脚踩国旗,却没想到这样一个事情被学生告发之后遭到校方直接开除。这中学老师其实蛮悲催,我相信他本人说的”What I did was never intended as a show of disrespect to our country, to our veterans, or to anyone, nor would I ever do or say anything with that intention. 'I love my country and have nothing but the utmost respect for those who serve it.“是真心话,他只是太天真,亲信了本国的政治文宣,把有明显政治目的的话语当现实,这才让自己丢掉了工作。
国内一个小众媒体对此的报道:www.guancha.cn/america/2015_07_02_325416.shtml
另外,附赠一个关于USA政治文宣的科普知识(摘自维基百科词条Psychological Operations (United States))
Psychological operations (PSYOP) are planned operations to convey selected information and indicators to audiences to influence their emotions, motives, objective reasoning, and ultimately the behavior of governments, organizations, groups, and individuals.[1]
The purpose of United States psychological operations is to induce or reinforce behavior favorable to U.S. objectives. They are an important part of the range of diplomatic, informational, military, and economic activities available to the U.S. They can be utilized during both peacetime and conflict. There are three main types: strategic, operational, and tactical. Strategic PSYOP include informational activities conducted by the U.S. government agencies outside of the military arena, though many utilize Department of Defense (DOD) assets. Operational PSYOP are conducted across the range of military operations, including during peacetime, in a defined operational area to promote the effectiveness of the joint force commander's (JFC) campaigns and strategies. Tactical PSYOP are conducted in the area assigned to a tactical commander across the range of military operations to support the tactical mission against opposing forces.
PSYOP can encourage popular discontent with the opposition's leadership and by combining persuasion with a credible threat, degrade an adversary's ability to conduct or sustain military operations. They can also disrupt, confuse, and protract the adversary's decision-making process, undermining command and control.[2] When properly employed, PSYOP have the potential to save the lives of friendly or enemy forces by reducing the adversary's will to fight. By lowering the adversary's morale and then its efficiency, PSYOP can also discourage aggressive actions by creating disaffection within their ranks, ultimately leading to surrender.
In order for PSYOP to be successful they must be based in reality. All messages must be consistent and must not contradict each other. Any gap between the product and reality will be quickly noticed. A credible "truth" must be presented which is consistent to all audiences. Primarily it is a component of offensive counterinformation but can be used defensively as well.
上一段黑字充分显示USA政府精通做政治文宣的精髓,要是容易让受众看出来是故意做的政治文宣还怎么给民众洗脑啊,所以一定要力求“真实”,可信度高,逻辑要严密,绝不可自相矛盾。
White PSYOP can come from the Voice of America or regional radio/TV. Central Intelligence Agency units are apt to have responsibility, on a strategic level, for black and some gray propaganda. White propaganda, especially at the strategic level, comes from the Voice of America or United States Information Agency.
事实上不仅仅是“美国之音”以及USA的地方电视台和广播台(地方性的媒体其实能起到无孔不入的作用,绝对不能小觑)参与USA政府的政治文宣工作,大名顶顶的CNN甚至直接给USA军方搞政治文宣的士兵进行培训,这是显示USA商业媒体和政府通力合作的一个窗口,正如原文中写到的“In the 1990s it came to light that soldiers from the 4th Psychological Operations Group had been interning at the American news networks Cable News Network (CNN) and National Public Radio (NPR). The program was an attempt to provide its PSYOP personnel with the expertise developed by the private sector under its "Training with Industry" program. ”
其实中国古人是很懂攻心战术的,深谙“欲擒故纵”,“欲扬先抑”等手法,中国现在的商业炒作团队也懂得“小骂大帮忙”,不过政府层面的文宣工作,CCP面对USA的政治精英输的很惨啊。
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