Legacy of land use history determines reprogramming of plant physiology by soil microbiome

First author: Xiaogang Li; Affiliations: Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (中科院土壤科学研究所): Nanjing, China

Corresponding author: Xingxiang Wang

Microorganisms associated with roots are thought to be part of the so-called extended plant phenotypes with roles in the acquisition of nutrients, production of growth hormones, and defense against diseases. Since the crops selectively enrich most rhizosphere microbes (根际微生物) out of the bulk soil, we hypothesized that changes in the composition of bulk soil communities caused by agricultural management affect the extended plant phenotype. In the current study, we performed shotgun metagenome sequencing of the rhizosphere microbiome of the peanut (Arachis hypogaea; 花生) and metatranscriptome analysis of the roots of peanut plants grown in the soil with different management histories, peanut monocropping and crop rotation (轮作). We found that the past planting record had a significant effect on the assembly of the microbial community in the peanut rhizosphere, indicating a soil memory effect. Monocropping resulted in a reduction of the rhizosphere microbial diversity, an enrichment of several rare species, and a reduced representation of traits related to plant performance, such as nutrients metabolism and phytohormone biosynthesis. Furthermore, peanut plants in monocropped soil exhibited a significant reduction in growth coinciding with a down-regulation of genes related to hormone production, mainly auxin and cytokinin, and up-regulation of genes related to the abscisic acid, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene pathways. These findings suggest that land use history affects crop rhizosphere microbiomes and plant physiology.

植物的根际微生物被认为是植物额外的表型，主要作用于植物的营养吸收、生长激素产生及疾病抗性。由于植物富集的根际微生物大多源自于非根际土壤，作者假设由于农业管理措施导致的非根际土壤群落组成的改变会影响植物的根际微生物群落。本文中，作者对花生的根际微生物进行了宏基因组测序，并且对单一作物和轮作两种不同种植历史下的花生根组织进行了宏转录组分析。作者发现过去的种植历史对于花生根际微生物的组装具有非常显著的影响，说明土壤存在“记忆性”。单一作物会导致植物根际微生物多样性的减少，而少数几种微生物会显著富集，并且植物表型相关性状会减弱，包括营养代谢、植物激素合成等。此外，单一作物模式种植的花生与生长相关的植物激素合成基因显著下调表达，主要是生长素和细胞分裂素；而与脱落酸、茉莉酸及乙烯通路上的基因显著上调表达。本文的研究结果揭示了土地种植历史对于作物的根际微生物及植物生理具有非常重要的影响。

通讯：王兴祥  (http://sourcedb.issas.cas.cn/zw/zjrck/200907/t20090724_2239473.html)

个人简介：1991年，华中农业大学，学士；1996年，中国科学院南京土壤研究所，硕士学位；2001年，中国科学院南京土壤研究所，博士。

研究方向：土壤连作障碍机理与调控、规模养殖污染治理与资源循环利用、农产品产地土壤环境及污染土壤修复。

doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-018-0300-0

Journal: The ISME Journal 

First Published: 27 October, 2018

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