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[资料,科普,数学] 素数(98):ZFC 的《大英百科全书》版本 Britannica
ZF: Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory,"the axiom of choice" is deleted
ZFC: Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory with the axiom of choice
大英百科全书: Encyclopedia Britannica, Britannica
ZF 系统:策梅洛-弗兰克尔(Zermelo-Fraenkel)集合论系统。
ZFC 系统:ZF,加上“选择公理”。
网传:ZFC公理集合论是万有理论,能够推导出经典数学的所有理论。
但是,公理集合论无法被证明是一致的,人们只是在事实上迄今为止未在其中发现悖论(矛盾);并且,其中的选择公理的地位一直为人所质疑。虽然数学仍未建立在严格的基础之上,但20世纪30、40年代后,大部分数学家已不再关心数学基础的问题。
下面是 ZF (ZFC) 的大英百科全书 Britannica 版本:
一、ZFC 的 10条公理,《大英百科全书》 britannica
(1) Axiom of extension. 扩展公理
If A and B are sets and if, for all x, x ∈ A if and only if x ∈ B, then A = B.
(2) Axiom of the empty set. 空集公理
There exists a set A such that, for all x, it is false that x ∈ A.
(3) Axiom schema of separation. 分离模式公理
If A is a set, there exists a set B such that, for all x, x ∈ B if and only if x ∈ A and S(x). Here, S(x) is any condition on x in which B is not free (it must be bound by a quantifier such as "all" or "some").
(4) Axiom of pairing. 配对公理
If A and B are sets, there exists a set (symbolized {A, B} and called the unordered pair of A and B) having A and B as its sole members.
(5) Axiom of union. 并集公理
If C is a set, there exists a set A such that x ∈ A if and only if x ∈ B for some member B of C.
(6) Axiom of power set. 幂集公理
If A is a set, there exists a set B, called its power set, such that x ∈ B if and only if x ⊆ A.
(7) Axiom of infinity. 无穷公理
There exists a set A such that ∅ ∈ A and, if x ∈ A, then ( x ⋃ {x})∈ A, in which x ⋃ {x} is the set x with x adjoined as a further member.
(8) Axiom of choice. 选择公理
If A is a set the elements of which are nonempty sets, then there exists a function f with domain A such that, for member B of A, f(B) ∈ B.
(9) Axiom schema of replacement. 替换模式公理
If A is a set and f(x,y) a formula (in which x and y are free) such that for x ∈ A there is exactly one y such that f(x,y), then there exists a set B the members of which are the y's determined by f(x,y') as x ranges over A.
(10) Axiom of restriction (foundation axiom). 限制公理(基础公理)
Every nonempty set A contains an element B such that A ∩ B = ∅; i.e., A and B have no elements in common.
二、ZFC 的《大英百科全书》版本,英文全文的图片

参考资料:
[1] 2022-07-13,策梅洛-弗兰克尔集合论/Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory/杜国平,中国大百科全书,第三版网络版[DB/OL]
https://www.zgbk.com/ecph/words?SiteID=1&ID=1GmKrx&Type=bkzyb
[2] 2023-08-22,数学基础/foundations of mathematics/何浩平,中国大百科全书,第三版网络版[DB/OL]
https://www.zgbk.com/ecph/words?SiteID=1&ID=CI9Wg&Type=bkzyb
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