澳洲新南威尔士州的法律条文PROTECTED DISCLOSURES ACT 1994 - SECT 19 Disclosure to a member of Parliament or journalist 明文规定,作为最后手段,举报者(包括举报学术不端,大学的雇员因为受纳税人供养,也被定义为public official)可以向媒体求助。立法的原意是为举报者提供另一层保护,从而鼓励举报: (1) A disclosure by a public official to a member of Parliament, or to a journalist, is protected by this Act if the following subsections apply. (2) The public official making the disclosure must have already made substantially the same disclosure to an investigating authority, public authority or officer of a public authority in accordance with another provision of this Part. (3) The investigating authority, public authority or officer to whom the disclosure was made or, if the matter was referred, the investigating authority, public authority or officer to whom the matter was referred: (a) must have decided not to investigate the matter, or (b) must have decided to investigate the matter but not completed the investigation within 6 months of the original disclosure being made, or (c) must have investigated the matter but not recommended the taking of any action in respect of the matter, or (d) must have failed to notify the person making the disclosure, within 6 months of the disclosure being made, of whether or not the matter is to be investigated. (4) The public official must have reasonable grounds for believing that the disclosure is substantially true. (5) The disclosure must be substantially true.
与“和鸣”先生的意愿相反,就在几天之前,媒体报道澳洲联邦政府正在加快推出第一个全国性的法律,向媒体揭发的公务员举报者将受联邦法律保护: . . . . . . . . .The government plans to introduce an internal system for handling public interest complaints within the bureaucracy that will involve every agency in the federal public service. If that system fails to address concerns about serious matters in a "reasonable" time, public servants will be given legal protection if they tell the media or anyone else. The scheme would also protect what is expected to be a smaller category of public servants who bypass the internal system and go directly to the media with public interest disclosures about serious matters. Direct approaches to the media would be protected whenever exceptional circumstances exist, in cases where a public servant believes on reasonable grounds that there is a substantial and imminent threat to people's lives, health or safety. . . . . . . The government aims to have the public interest disclosure act in force by next January. (http://www.theaustralian.com.au/politics/whistleblowers-get-protection-in-federal-legislation/story-e6frgczf-1225842083099)
另外,《科学新闻》的编辑先生把 “Data related to publications must be available for discussion with other researchers” 译为“公开发表的数据必须经得起同行的讨论”,这并不错。但是我引用这句的目的是为了强调作者有义务出示相关数据,所以我更愿意把这句理解为“和发表的论文有关的数据资料必须能够出示供同行们审议”。根据词典,“discussion”可以有审议的意思。提醒浏览科学网的研究生同学们不要轻信海外教授们的一些说教,以为实验记录可以秘不示人。实验记录要认真书写,妥善保存,该给人看时就给人看。就医学生物领域而言,如果有人敢公然宣称其已发表文章的实验记录乃天机不可泄露,除去大学或法院,别人当然不可能强人所难,但却有了足够的理由不相信此人的文章和人品。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ◇◇新语丝(www.xys.org)(xys4.dxiong.com)(www.xinyusi.info)(xys2.dropin.org)◇◇
另外,有人要求查看原始数据或有关证据,并非就一定像“和鸣”先生所指 责的那样大逆不道。是否公布原始数据,各校的规定或许不尽相同。澳洲新南威 尔士大学的CODE OF CONDUCT FOR THE RESPONSIBLE PRACTICE OF RESEARCH (《负责任研究方法行为守则》)的第二条第五款就明文规定:2.5 Data related to publications must be available for discussion with other researchers.(公开发表的数据必须经得起同行的讨论)如果说一旦媒体卷入学 术道德争论“任何解释都是徒劳无效的”,那么,为什么就不能出示一下有关证 据来澄清事实?