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狂犬病的流行病学(3)
前记:
目前国际上关于狂犬病研究最权威最全面的大型学术专著是《狂犬病:科学基础和管控(RABIES: SCIENTIFIC BASIS OF THE DISEASE AND ITS MANAGEMENT)》,简称《狂犬病(RABIES)》。该书最新版(第4版)已于2020年5月面世。
该书共有22章,其中第4章是《Epidemiology(流行病学)》。现将此章的内容全文翻译成中文供参考。
第4章 流行病学(3)
(Epidemiology)
2 全球狂犬病流行病学(2)
(Global rabies epidemiology)
2.1 亚洲(1)
亚洲(含印度次大陆)占全球人类狂犬病负担的一半以上,估计每年死亡超过37,000人(0.8/100,000人)(Hampson et al., 2015)。在构成亚洲大陆的30个国家中,仅4个被认为无狂犬病:日本,马尔代夫,韩国,新加坡。除这4个无狂犬病国家外,犬狂犬病继续在亚洲各地导致绝大多数人类与动物的狂犬病死亡。亚洲大陆各国犬只狂犬病防控水平存在显著差异。 狗疫苗接种覆盖率在柬埔寨、缅甸和朝鲜等国低于 1%,而在斯里兰卡、马来西亚和泰国则超过50%。同样,该地区各国人类狂犬病死亡率也存在巨大差异。印度的人类狂犬病病例数居世界首位(人均死亡率 1.7/10 万)。缅甸和阿富汗的人类狂犬病死亡率分别为 9/10万和 6/10万,而众多欧亚国家的人类狂犬病死亡率低于1/100 万。
表4.1 世界卫生组织列出的归因于人畜共患病原体的全球人类死亡
Pathogen(病原体) | DALYs(伤残调整寿命年) | Human deaths(人类死亡) | Lower estimate(下限估计) | Upper estimate(上限估计) | References(参考文献) |
人畜共患病原体 | |||||
Rabies(狂犬病 / RABV:狂犬病病毒) | 3,700,000 | 59,000 | 25,000 | 159,000 | Hampson et al. (2015) and Murray et al. (2012) |
Leptospirosis(钩端螺旋体病) | 2,900,000 | 51,500 | – | – | Torgerson et al. (2015) |
Lassa fever(拉沙热) | – | 45,000 | – | – | Senior (2009) |
Zoonotic tuberculosis(人畜共患结核病) | 607,775 | 10,545 | 7,894 | 14,472 | WHO (2015) |
Brucellosis(布鲁菌病) | 264,073 | 4,145 | 1,557 | 95,894 | Dean, Crump, Greter, Schelling, and Zinsstag (2012), Taylor and Perdue (1989) and WHO (2015) |
Ebola virus(埃博拉病毒) | – | 2,178 | – | – | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2019) GBD 2017 DALYs and HALE Collaborators (2018), and WHO |
Botulism(肉毒中毒) | – | 500 | – | – | Davis (2018) |
Anthrax(炭疽) | – | 480 | – | – | Berger (2016) and Hendricks et al. (2014) |
MERS(中东呼吸综合征) | – | 161 | – | – | Zumla, Hui, and Perlman (2015) |
Plague(鼠疫) | – | 132 | – | – | Brachman and Abrutyn (1998) |
SARS(严重急性呼吸综合征) | – | 48 | – | 774 | WHO (2003) |
Rift valley fever(裂谷热) | – | 48 | 4 | 91 | Labeaud, Bashir, and King (2011) |
Zoonotic influenza(人畜共患流感) | – | 32 | 2 | 47 | WHO (2018) |
Marburg virus(马尔堡病毒) | – | 24 | – | – | Christou (2011) and Green (2012) |
Streptococcus suis(猪链球菌) | 133,021 | 13 | – | – | Huong et al. (2019) and Wertheim, Nghia, Taylor, and Schultsz (2009) |
Variant CJD(变异型克雅氏病) | – | 7 | – | – | WHO (n.d.) |
人畜共患食源性病原体 | |||||
Salmonella(沙门菌) | 3,895,547 | 57,000 | – | – | Healy and Bruce (2019), Majowicz et al. (2010), and WHO (2015) |
Campylobacter(弯曲菌) | 3,733,822 | 37,604 | 27,738 | 55,101 | Kaakoush, Castano-Rodriguez, Mitchell, and Man (2015) and Ternhag, Torner, Svensson, Giesecke, and Ekdahl (2005) |
Trematode(吸虫) | 1,875,000 | 7,158 | – | – | Keiser and Utzinger (2009), Murray et al. (2012), and Torgerson et al. (2015) |
E. coli (zoonotic)(大肠埃希菌〔人畜共患〕) | 26,827 | 269 | 111 | 814 | Majowicz et al. (2014) and Wasteson (2001) |
人畜共患寄生性病原体 | |||||
Leishmaniosis(利什曼病) | 3,317,000 | 30,000 | 20,000 | 40,000 | Alvar et al. (2012) and Murray et al. (2012) |
Echinococcosis(棘球蚴病) | 1,666,434 | 18,000 | 11,900 | 28,200 | Torgerson et al. (2014) and Torgerson, Keller, Magnotta, and Ragland (2010) |
Cysticercosis(囊尾蚴病) | 503,000 | 462 | – | – | Murray et al. (2012) |
人畜共患媒介传播病原体 | |||||
Dengue virus(登革病毒) | 825,000 | 20,000 | – | – | Fredericks and Fernandez-Sesma (2014) and Murray et al. (2012) |
Zika virus(寨卡病毒) | – | 13,087 | – | – | GBD 2017 DALYs and HALE Collaborators (2018), Honein, Cetron, and Meaney-Delman (2019), and Sarmiento-Ospina, Vasquez-Serna, Jimenez-Canizales, Villamil-Gomez, and Rodriguez-Morales (2016) |
Chagas disease(恰加斯病) | 546,000 | 12,500 | – | – | Moncayo and Silveira (2009) and Murray et al. (2012) |
Japanese encephalitis(日本脑炎) | – | 10,000 | – | – | Diagana, Preux, and Dumas (2007) |
Chikungunya(基孔肯雅热) | – | 1,400 | – | – | Manimunda, Mavalankar, Bandyopadhyay, and Sugunan (2011) and Wahid, Ali, Rafique, and Idrees (2017) |
Crimean Congo fever(克里米亚-刚果出血热) | – | 30 | – | – | Ince et al. (2014) |
(未完待续)
相关文章的链接:
权威的大型学术专著《狂犬病(Rabies)》最新版已面世 (https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/7v3fyBpGaHqHUZbZgPc3fw)
狂犬病的流行病学(1) 2026-08-05
狂犬病的流行病学(2) 2026-08-07
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