浅谈学前教育最后一年设置在小学

黄安年文 黄安年的博客/2011年11月22日(美东时间)发布

我国普及中小学教育的学制是小学6年、中学6年总共12年。美国也是12年制,其中小学5年,中学7年, 小学除5年外还含一年学前教育最后一年,一般说小学6年,而真正的小学只有5年。

美国将幼儿教育即学前教育最后一年放在小学的第一年（不是一年级，而是kindergarten）。两者相比,将学前教育最后一年放在小学里对于孩子的学习成长更加有利。

从孩子家长的角度考虑,公立学校美国的免费的，而幼儿教育全部是自费的,所以经费上节省了一笔开支。

从孩子的角度来考虑,加快了孩子们过渡到小学阶段的适应过程。

从学校的角度来考虑,并不存在资源利用上的困难,而可以更有效地引导孩子适应小学阶段的学习。为此学校配备了对于5岁左右孩子年龄特征熟识的有经验老师任教，对kindergarten学生给予特殊的照顾，例如坐校车为这些孩子专门挂牌,以免丢失；允许他们带食品上课；安排他们在最佳时间吃午饭；对于课程要求注意游戏和图画教育等等。

学制上看,同样的小学包含一年的kindergarten，等于孩子们上中学的时间早于中国学生一年,这一点在现代化和电脑网络化的今天是占有有利地位的。

11月23日7:45分修订,感谢网友提醒。

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For other uses, see Kindergarten (disambiguation).

In China, the equivalent term to kindergarten is 幼儿园 (yòu ér yuán). The children start attending kindergarten at the age of 2 until they are at least 6 years old. The kindergartens in China generally have the following grades: 1. Nursery/ Playgroup (小班/xiăo bān): 2–3 years old children 2. Lower Kindergarten/ LKG (中班/zhōng bān): 3–4 years old children 3. Upper Kindergarten/ UKG (大班/dà bān): 4–5 years old children 4. Preschool (学前班/xué qián bān): 5–6 years old children

Some kindergartens may not have preschool (学前班/xué qián bān).

In the United States, kindergartens are usually part of the K-12 educational system. It is only one school-year. Children usually attend kindergarten around age 5 to 6. Kindergarten is considered the first year of formal education, although the child may have gone to preschool or Pre-K (formerly nursery school). While kindergarten was viewed as a separate part of the elementary program, it is now fully integrated into the school system and is a full participant in schooling, except that in many places it is only offered for half-a-day.^[3] Depending on the state, children may be required to attend their kindergarten year because compulsory schooling laws in many states begin at age 5. In other states, compulsory laws begin at 6 or 7, although these states still offer free kindergarten. In practice, 43 states require their school districts to offer a kindergarten year.^[3]

There are many positive learning and social/behavioral benefits for children in kindergarten programs. At the same time, it is widely felt that what children are doing during the kindergarten day is more important than the length of the school day.

"High/Scope Learning" is a style of learning that is used in many kindergartens in the United States.^{[citation needed]} This learning style is very interactive and requires a great deal of the children and the teacher. It employs a "plan, do, review" approach which enables children to take responsibility for their learning. First the children "plan" their activities. The teacher provides choices of activities for the children which are age-appropriate and initiate learning, whether through problem solving, reading, language, mathematics, manipulatives, etc. This planning takes place, usually, when the children walk in the classroom. Then they "do" their activity. Some of these activities include such things as a water table, building blocks, a creative dance area, "dress up" area, a reading area, and a drawing table. The majority of the children's time is spent in this "do" activity. The last part of this approach is the review part. This is where the children and the teacher go over what they have done that day. This can be done in a large group, especially if there is a theme for the day that is used in all activities, or individually. The children discuss what they did and how they liked it and what they learned from it. This high/scope learning has grown in popularity and is accepted largely because it allows for the children to be responsible for their own learning.

Compulsory schooling laws were adopted before the widespread provision of kindergarten or preschool. In some states, it is not required for children to attend kindergarten.^[3] Mandatory age of enrollment varies by state between 5 and 8.^[25] Generally, in all states, a child may begin kindergarten in the fall term only if age 5 by a state-set date, usually in the summer or fall.^[2] If they are older than 5 in a non-mandatory state, then they will be directly placed into first grade for compulsory education, even if they have not attended kindergarten.

摘自http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kindergarten#China