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研究警告:五分之一的人存在潜在的心脏病风险
诸平
据心血管血管造影与干预学会(Society For Cardiovascular Angiography And Interventions)2026年5月11日提供的消息,研究显示五分之一的人存在潜在的心脏病风险(Hidden Heart Risk Found in 1 in 5 People, Study Warns)。

一项新的研究确定了与最高风险相关的脂蛋白(A)水平(A new study identifies the lipoprotein(a) levels linked to the highest risk)
美国国立卫生研究院(NIH)三项主要研究对超过20,000名患者的新发现表明,脂蛋白(a) {Lipoprotein(a)简称Lp(a)}升高与尚待处理的心血管风险(remaining cardiovascular risk)有关,可能需要更积极地降低风险。
Lp(a)是血液中携带胆固醇的颗粒。它类似于低密度脂蛋白(LDL),通常被称为坏胆固醇,但含有一种额外的蛋白质,可能使其对心脏和血管更有害。高Lp(a)主要是遗传的,即使标准胆固醇(cholesterol)水平看起来正常,也会增加心血管风险。
大约五分之一的人有高的Lp(a),但是他们大多数人不知道,因为它通常不会引起症状。虽然已知高Lp(a)与心血管疾病有关,但科学家仍在努力了解它在多大程度上预测患有或不患有心脏病的人的风险。
最新的研究结果在加拿大蒙特利尔(Montreal)举行的心血管血管造影和干预学会2026年科学会议{Society for Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions (SCAI) 2026 Scientific Sessions}和加拿大介入心脏病学协会/加拿大心脏病学和干预协会峰会{Canadian Association of Interventional Cardiology/Association Canadienne de cardiologie d’intervention (CAIC-ACCI) Summit}上发表——“Lipoprotein(a) Identifies Residual Cardiovascular Risk in NIH Randomized Trials” by Subhash Banerjee et al., 24 April 2026, SCAI 2026 Scientific Sessions.
测试风险阈值(Testing a risk threshold)
研究人员分析了2万多名年龄在40岁及以上成年人的血液样本,这些成年人参加了NIH的三项主要临床试验。参与者根据他们的Lp(a)水平以及他们是否已经患有心脏病进行分组。参与者的平均年龄为65岁,其中约65%是男性。
在近4年的随访中,约7%的参与者经历了主要的心血管事件,如中风、心脏病发作、动脉开放手术或心源性死亡。
与低 Lp(a)水平的人相比, Lp(a)水平最高的人患重大心血管疾病的可能性要高出约30%,死于心血管疾病的可能性要高出近50%,患中风的可能性要高出约65%。尽管高 Lp(a)与更大的心脏病发作风险无关,但在已经患有心脏病的人群中,风险的增加尤其明显。
血液检测可以指导治疗(Blood testing could guide care)
美国德克萨斯州达拉斯贝勒斯科特-怀特医院(Baylor Scott & White in Dallas, Texas)的介入心脏病专家Subhash Banerjee博士说:“这是第一次,我们可以量化Lp(a)的具体水平,它使患者发生主要心血管事件,特别是中风和死亡的风险显著增加。”
“无论年龄大小,患者都可以进行简单、低成本的血液检查,以确定他们是否患有这种遗传疾病。如果检测到Lp(a)水平高时,患者应与医疗保健提供者密切合作,积极降低LDL胆固醇,并尽可能控制其他心血管危险因素。随着新的靶向治疗方案的出现,这些知识尤其有价值。”
研究人员表示,储存的生物标本可以从完成的临床试验中揭示新的见解。他们还计划研究其他亚组,包括慢性肾病和外周动脉疾病患者。
上述介绍,仅供参考。欲了解更多信息敬请注意浏览原文或相关报道。
Reference: “Lipoprotein(a) Identifies Residual Cardiovascular Risk in NIH Randomized Trials” by Subhash Banerjee et al., 24 April 2026, SCAI 2026 Scientific Sessions.
https://scai.confex.com/scai/2026/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/46023
AbstractBackgroundLipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a genetically determined cardiovascular (CV) risk factor, yet its prognostic relevance across prevention strata remains incompletely defined. We evaluated the independent association between Lp(a) and CV outcomes using biospecimens from three large NIH randomized clinical trials.
MethodsThis biorepository analysis included 20,070 participants ≥40 years from ACCORD, PEACE, and SPRINT with available pre-randomization plasma samples obtained through the NIH BioLINCC repository. A dedicated translational laboratory at Baylor Scott & White centrally analyzed all samples using a standardized assay, with Lp(a) quantified in nmol/L. Participants were categorized by Lp(a) level (<75, 75–125, 125–175, ≥175 nmol/L) and classified as primary or secondary CV prevention. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE: myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, coronary revascularization, or cardiovascular death). Trial-stratified multivariable Cox models adjusted for demographics, comorbidities, lipids, and therapies.
ResultsMean age was 65.2±8.5 years; 64.9% were male. Over a median 3.98-year follow-up, 1,461 MACE events (7.3%) occurred. Lp(a) ≥175 nmol/L independently associated with higher risk of MACE (HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.10–1.55), cardiovascular death (HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.07–2.06), and stroke (HR 1.64, 95% CI 1.13–2.37), but not MI. Associations were attenuated in primary prevention (HR 1.18, 95% CI 0.90–1.53) and strengthened in secondary prevention (HR 1.30, 95% CI 1.07–1.57). The population attributable fraction for MACE was ~3.6% overall and ~4.8% in secondary prevention.
ConclusionsAcross three NIH trials, elevated Lp(a) identifies residual CV risk, particularly in secondary prevention, reinforcing its role as a clinically actionable risk enhancer and therapeutic target in established ASCVD.
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