[趣闻，科普] 山药（薯蓣 common yam, Dioscorea polystachya）：山药豆，花、蒴果、种子

薯蓣，山药： common yam, Dioscorea polystachya

https://www.zgbk.com/ecph/words?SiteID=1&ID=119194&Type=bkzyb&SubID=109848

   “薯蓣”一名由《山海经》“署预”而来，因唐太宗名“预”，故避讳改为“薯药”，后又因宋英宗讳“薯”遂改为“山药”。

https://www.zgbk.com/ecph/words?SiteID=1&ID=119194&Type=bkzyb&SubID=109848

   我不是学生物的，不知道下面的图片是否正确？感谢您的批评指正！

图1  珠芽（山药豆） dioscorea_polystachya_004.jpg

https://assessment.ifas.ufl.edu/site/assets/files/24501/dioscorea_polystachya_004.jpg

https://assessment.ifas.ufl.edu/assessments/dioscorea-polystachya/

图2  珠芽（山药豆） Dioscorea_polystachya3604.jpg

https://toptropicals.com/pics/garden/m1/Praga_Wroclaw2015/Dioscorea_polystachya3604.jpg

https://toptropicals.com/catalog/uid/dioscorea_polystachya.htm

图3  珠芽（山药豆） Dioscorea_polystachya3601.jpg

https://toptropicals.com/pics/garden/m1/Praga_Wroclaw2015/Dioscorea_polystachya3601.jpg

https://toptropicals.com/catalog/uid/dioscorea_polystachya.htm

图4  柔荑花序 3E2D4DB47B84457EA6508D52C8706D9E.jpg

https://weixin.arkoo.com.cn/picdir/CA428EBFA0754679B3A012A469728012/B0A1C7BF00DA4D2EA084B76BDE1A8A98/3E2D4DB47B84457EA6508D52C8706D9E.jpg

http://bhq.papc.cn/sf_B0A1C7BF00DA4D2EA084B76BDE1A8A98_275_0677A8F0263.html

图5  山药开花 01aa5d5be0ea5da80121ab5d74ccac.webp

https://img.zcool.cn/community/01aa5d5be0ea5da80121ab5d74ccac.jpg?imageMogr2/auto-orient/thumbnail/1280x%3e/sharpen/0.5/quality/100/format/webp

https://www.zcool.com.cn/work/ZMzExNDc3NzY=.html?lng=zh

图6  花 dioscorea-oppositifolia-dioscorea-opposita-21185014.webp

https://www.quintadosouriques.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/dioscorea-oppositifolia-dioscorea-opposita-21185014.jpg

https://www.quintadosouriques.com/store/seeds/vegetables/indian-yam-chinese-yam/

图7  蒴果 il_1080xN.4457191979_d6bl.avif

https://i.etsystatic.com/11300650/r/il/83375e/4457191979/il_1080xN.4457191979_d6bl.jpg

https://www.etsy.com/listing/1362928775/dioscorea-oppositifolia-chinese-wild-yam

图8  蒴果 03B80F03E3534D889A44851CF5EB4DC8.jpg

https://weixin.arkoo.com.cn/picdir/3DCB192DCDEC4EF28C26031198A3A685/84C5889E77B748179E34A733D976731A/03B80F03E3534D889A44851CF5EB4DC8.jpg

http://bhq.papc.cn/sf_84C5889E77B748179E34A733D976731A_275_29DC146443.html

图9  蒴果里的种子 

invasive_plants_seed_factsheet_Dioscorea_polystachya_img1_1397579282733_eng.jpg

https://inspection.canada.ca/sites/default/files/legacy/DAM/DAM-plants-vegetaux/STAGING/images-images/invasive_plants_seed_factsheet_Dioscorea_polystachya_img1_1397579282733_eng.jpg

https://inspection.canada.ca/en/plant-health/seeds/seed-testing-and-grading/seeds-identification/dioscorea-polystachya

图10  蒴果里的“薯蓣的种子”

1590990105213049633.jpg

https://www.zgbk.com/ecph/words?SiteID=1&ID=119194&Type=bkzyb&SubID=109848

参考资料：

[1] 2023-04-08，薯蓣/common yam/傅承新，孙宇，中国大百科全书，第三版网络版[DB/OL]

https://www.zgbk.com/ecph/words?SiteID=1&ID=119194&Type=bkzyb&SubID=109848

[2] 科普中国，2024-12-12，物语之薯蓣（Dioscorea polystachya） 

https://www.kepuchina.cn/article/articleinfo?business_type=100&classify=0&ar_id=557213

   薯蓣（Dioscorea polystachya）列入《中国生物多样性红色名录—高等植物卷（2020）》——无危（LC）。非中国特有物种。可作墙垣、篱笆、棚架等垂直绿化；较好的根茎食品，但农药使用破坏了它美好的价值，煎炒烹炸皆可。以根茎入药。补脾养胃、生津益肺、补肾涩精、麸炒山药补脾健胃。

   **拉 丁 名：**Dioscorea polystachya

   **分类地位：**薯蓣科Dioscoreaceae 薯蓣属Dioscorea

   **别名：**山药、淮山、面山药、野脚板薯、野山豆、野山药、多穗薯蓣、山药蛋、铁棍山药。

   **异名：Dioscorea opposita、Dioscorea rosthornii、Dioscorea doryphora、Dioscorea decaisneana、Dioscorea potaninii、Dioscorea batatas、Dioscorea swinhoei、Dioscorea oppositifolia、Dioscorea oppositifolia var. dukhunensis、Dioscorea oppositifolia var. linnaei、Dioscorea oppositifolia var. thwaitesii、Dioscorea pseudobatatas、Dioscorea cayennensis var. pseudobatatas、Dioscorea batatas f. clavata、Dioscorea batatas f. daikok、Dioscorea batatas f. flabellata、Dioscorea batatas f. rakuda、Dioscorea batatas f. tsukune.

[3] 科普中国，2021-12-31，薯蓣科 

https://www.kepuchina.cn/article/articleinfo?business_type=100&classify=0&ar_id=343739

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