中国生态文明建设（中英对照）连载之三十二

国家海洋局

本书由北京语言大学出版社出版，2014（教学课件光盘版） 作者 蒋高明

4.1.3国家海洋局

4.1.3 State Oceanic Administration

国家海洋局是管理海洋的行政管理机构，归属于国土资源部。国家海洋局的职责是监督、管理海域使用，负责海洋环境保护，依法维护海洋权益，组织海洋科技研究，并以中国海警局名义开展海上维权执法^[1]。具体说来包括：

It is affiliated to the Ministry of Land and Resources responsible for managing oceanic affairs. Its responsibilities include supervising and managing sea area use, marine environmental protection, preservation of the marine rights and interests, organizing marine science and technology research, and safeguarding legal rights and law enforcement in oceanic areas in the name of the China Coast Guard. Specifically, it is responsible for:

（1）负责有关海洋使用、生态保护、科学调查、海岛保护等法律法规的制定。

(1) formulating laws and regulations for ocean use, ecological protection, scientific investigation, and island protection.

（2）负责组织开展海洋生态环境保护工作；负责组织编制并监督实施海洋功能区划。

(2) organizing and conducting marine ecological protection; and compiling and supervising marine function zoning and its implementation.

（3）负责组织拟订海洋维权、执法的制度和措施；负责组织拟订海岛保护及无居民海岛开发利用管理制度并监督实施。

(3) organizing and developing institutions and measures for protecting marine rights and interests and law enforcement; organizing and developing management system and supervising its implementation for islands protection and development and utilization of uninhabited islands.

（4）负责拟订海洋观测预报和海洋灾害警报制度并监督实施。

(4) developing marine observation and forecasting and marine hazard-warning systems and supervising their implementation.

（5）负责组织拟订并实施海洋科技发展规划；负责研究提出优化海洋产业结构的政策建议；负责开展海洋领域国际交流与合作。

(5) organizing, formulating and implementing marine science and technology development plan; doing research and putting forward policy recommendations for improving marine industrial structure; and carrying out international exchanges and cooperation in the maritime domain.

值得一提的是，近来海洋的重要性越来越受到人们的重视。一方面，人们越来越认识到海洋食物的优质营养和健康价值，同时还具有产量大、发展空间广的优势，因此作为人类的“第二农田”发挥着越来越大的作用，有人甚至称之为“海洋农业”或“蓝色农业”。

It is worth mentioning that recently, the importance of the ocean is attracting even more attention. People are becoming more aware of the nutrition and health value of marine foods, and their advantageous large output and wide development space. The ocean is playing a greater role as the “second farmland” for human beings. It is even called by some as “Sea Farming” or “Blue Agriculture”.

在国务院批准的国土优化开发方案中，特别强调了海洋国土开发，这是有战略考虑的。在维护海洋权益的前提下，实施海洋功能区划分，充分考虑海洋资源与环境的承载能力，合理规划海洋开发内容，是对陆地国土空间主体功能区方案的有效补充。

When the State Council approved the plan for optimizing land development, it put particular emphasis on the development of maritime territory out of a strategic consideration. Under the precondition of safeguarding marine rights and interests, the implementation of the marine function zoning with full consideration of the carrying capacity of marine resources and the environment, and the rational formulation of the plan for marine development are an effective addition to the plan for main functional areas on the land.

海洋开发有很大的空间，但机遇与挑战同时存在。开发海洋国土，不能破坏海洋生态。中国正在加大海洋开发和保护工作上的投入，如自2010年起，中国投入11亿余元用于海岛整治修复工程，3年来已累计支持55个项目。

A large space is available for marine development, but the opportunities and challenges co-exist. Development of marine territory should not destroy the marine ecosystem. China is increasing investment in marine development and protection. Since 2010, it has invested 1.1 billion Yuan in the restoration and renovation of islands, and 55 projects have been subsidized in the last 3 years.

[1] 国家海洋局的具体职能，可以参看如下网址：http://www.soa.gov.cn

[1] For specific functions of the State Oceanic Administration, please visit: http://www.soa.gov.cn