诺奖似乎憎恶空头理论，不给爱因斯坦的相对论，不给霍金的黑洞理论，就是明证。

但影响深远和具有重要应用价值的发明却屡获诺奖。

2017年诺贝尔化学奖授予冷冻电镜领域的三位物理学家，今年激光物理领域的突破性发明获得了诺贝尔物理学奖。

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2018诺贝尔物理学奖获奖者阿瑟·阿什金（Arthur Asshkin）的主要贡献

阿瑟·阿什金（Arthur Asshkin）因“发明光学镊子及其在生物系统中的应用”获得诺贝尔物理学奖。

Nobel Laureate Arthur Ashkin has been awarded the Nobel Prize for the optical tweezers and their application to biological systems

https://www.wkbw.com/news/national/nobel-prize-in-physics-celebrates-groundbreaking-laser-breakthroughs

"Advanced precision instruments are opening up unexplored areas of research and a multitude of industrial and medical applications," it said in a statement. Ashkin invented optical "tweezers" that could grab particles, atoms, viruses and other living cells

https://www.dnaindia.com/science/report-arthur-ashkin-gerard-mourou-and-donna-strickland-awarded-nobel-physics-prize-for-laser-research-2670724

shkin is a physicist, who worked for many years at Bell Laboratories. Ashkin developed the optical tweezers technique which  has led to an explosion of biophysical research.

https://history.aip.org/phn/11409018.html

Arthur Ashkin (born September 2, 1922) is an American scientist who worked at Bell Laboratories and Lucent Technologies. He started his work on manipulation of microparticles with laser light in the late 1960s which resulted in the invention of optical tweezers in 1986. He also pioneered the optical trapping process that eventually was used to manipulate atoms, molecules, and biological cells. The key phenomenon is the radiation pressure of light; this pressure can be dissected down into optical gradient and scattering forces. Ashkin has been considered by many as the father of the topical field of optical tweezers.
Ashkin's work formed the basis for Steven Chu's work on cooling and trapping atoms, which earned Chu the 1997 Nobel Prize in physics.

https://upclosed.com/people/arthur-ashkin/

As a physicist, I have been interested in microwaves and laser light. With microwaves, I studied parametric amplification of space charge waves and low noise cyclotron waves. With lasers I and my group initiated use of cw beams for study of nonlinear optical processes. We discovered the photorefractive effect and started study of nonlinear effects in silica optical fibers. In 1969 I initiated study of optical manipulation of small transparent neutral particles and atoms using radiation pressure forces. These forces are sufficient to accelerate, decelerate, deflect, guide, levitate, and stably trap particles. The simplest trap, the so-called "optical tweezers trap," consists of a single, strongly focused beam. Optical traps offer unique advantages for studying individual particles. Particles in the size range from 100's of angstroms to 10's of microns were trapped and studied. Surprisingly, we found tweezers can also manipulate single living cells, bacteria, viruses, and even organelles within cells. This work initiated use of optical manipulation for biology. With atoms, we demonstrated focusing and guiding of atomic beams by light, the first cooling of atoms by "optical molasses," and optical trapping of cooled atomic vapors. Use of optical manipulation by physical scientists, and biologists is growing rapidly. Recent advances in physics and biology using optical manipulation include achievement of Bose-Einstein-Condensation in atomic vapors at submillikelvin temperatures, demonstration of atom lasers, and detailed measurements on individual motor molecules.

http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/58153.html

相关专题：2018年诺贝尔奖
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