十四行诗翻译5首（旧作）

2016/10/17

1.念奴娇．莎士比亚十四行诗第18首

2008年4月

乾坤春暖，① 怅东风，摇动枝头蓓蕾。

欲把春容比春色，尔比春光娇媚。

烈日无情，幽光隐忿，变幻忽明晦。

一年好景，醒来花落流水。

万物皆有荣枯，花容月貌，但恨人憔悴。

唯我诗篇悬日月，耀尔娇羞永睟。

织女流怜，姮娥暗妒，相约瑶池会。

人间天上，且陪王母同醉。②

①“乾坤春暖”为添加成分。在英国夏天是最美的季节，但在中国夏天却不是令人留恋的季节。因此，在译文中将“summer”改译作春天，比较符合中国读者的审美习惯。故有译文中的“春暖”、“春色”、“春光”之语。也有学者认为，这首诗中的“summer”就是指“春天”。详见梁志坚，“对莎诗中‘summer’s day’译义的辨析，”《四川外语学院学报》2001年第2期。

② 原诗第11句中使用了圣经中的一个典故：“Yea, though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil: for thou art with me; thy rod and thy staff they comfort me.”(The Holy Bible, Psalms: 23)。直译为：“虽然我穿行于死荫之幽谷，但我不怕罹祸，因为你与我同在，你的鞭，你的杖都在安慰我”。译文中使用了三个中国古代神话典故（织女、嫦娥、西王母），虽然在意象和语义上都做了改动，但还是符合赞颂“美之永恒”这一主题的，不仅可与原诗中的圣经典故相抵，并且使全诗的意象和意境更蒙上了一层浪漫光彩。

附莎士比亚原诗

Sonnet 18

XVIII

Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?

Thou art more lovely and more temperate:

Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,

And summer's lease hath all too short a date:

Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,

And often is his gold complexion dimm'd;

And every fair from fair sometime declines,

By chance or nature's changing course untrimm'd

But thy eternal summer shall not fade,

Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest;

Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade,

When in eternal lines to time thou growest:

So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,

So long lives this and this gives life to thee.

2.沁园春．莎士比亚十四行诗第29首

2004年10月

残夜沉沉，四野幽幽，独仰斗牛。

叹命途多舛，功名无梦；流离颠沛，失意蒙羞。

我欲呼天，苍天无耳，此恨绵绵不可休。

流清泪，问云山雾水，何处归舟？

当年豪气难酬。更逝水流年憎白头。

羡相如才气，文章山斗；谢家子弟，竞逞风流。

忽忆知音，莺啼雀跃，无限春风明月楼。①

生平事，念此情长在，不屑王侯。

① 这三句从原诗第10、11、12句转换而来，但意象和语义都作了变动。原诗中的意象元素“啼叫的云雀”被换成了“啼莺”，并增添了“雀跃”的意象成分。“啼莺”是中国传统诗歌中颇为常见的意象，如，“黄莺啼破纱窗晓”（张元干），“嫩莺啼破清昼”（谢薖/张鎡），“破晓啼鶯先唤人”（陆游），“明月晓啼莺；莺啼晓月明”（晁端礼）等。“雀跃”意为欣喜之极，如雀之跳跃。这两个意象的组合鲜明地表现了诗人由悲变喜的心境。“春风明月楼”是这一心境的自然伸展。“春风”这一意象多用于形容人的喜悦心情，故有“春风得意”之语。“明月楼”在中国诗歌中多为表现恋人思念的意象，如，“亭上谁家子，哀哀明月楼”（陈子昂），“清晨鼓棹过江去，千里相思明月楼”（李白），“谁家今夜扁舟子，何处相思明月楼”（张若虚）。但“明月楼”与“春风”组合后却产生出相反的意境，不仅没有偏离全诗的意境，反而使全诗的意象更为丰富。

附莎士比亚原诗

Sonnet 29

XXIX

When, in disgrace with fortune and men's eyes,
I all alone be weep my outcast state
And trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries
And look upon myself and curse my fate,
Wishing me like to one more rich in hope,
Featured like him, like him with friends possess'd,
Desiring this man's art and that man's scope,
With what I most enjoy contented least;
Yet in these thoughts myself almost despising,
Haply I think on thee, and then my state,
Like to the lark at break of day arising
From sullen earth, sings hymns at heaven's gate;
   For thy sweet love remember'd such wealth brings
   That then I scorn to change my state with kings.

3.念奴娇．莎士比亚十四行诗第73首

2009年11月

我如秋叶，向西风，悬在树梢萧索。

舞榭歌台人散尽，空有颓垣荒漠。

落日余晖，寒郊暮气，夜色侵寥廓。

被风吹去，东西南北飘泊。

又似烛影残光，膏油煨烬，夜半风凋铄。

梦里黄泉松径冷，灰土合填丘壑。

恨悔当时，情真此刻，犹记千金诺。

迢迢银汉，春心脉脉难托。

附莎士比亚原诗

Sonnet 73

LXXIII

That time of year thou mayst in me behold

When yellow leaves, or none, or few, do hang

Upon those boughs which shake against the cold,

Bare ruin'd choirs, where late the sweet birds sang.

In me thou seest the twilight of such day

As after sunset fadeth in the west,

Which by and by black night doth take away,

Death's second self, that seals up all in rest.

In me thou see'st the glowing of such fire

That on the ashes of his youth doth lie,

As the death-bed whereon it must expire

Consumed with that which it was nourish'd by.

This thou perceivest, which makes thy love more strong,

To love that well which thou must leave ere long.

4.凤凰台上忆吹箫．白朗宁夫人十四行诗第一首（用易安体）

2010年11月

遥想当年，越人歌咏，① 良辰岁岁相期。

盼运从天降，喜乐分贻。

古调依稀绕耳，声悲切、泪眼凄迷。

凝眸处，幽幽幻影，淡淡虹霓。

弥弥。②

流年逝水，往事亦烟云，别梦堪疑。

有湘灵为伴，洛女相随。

背处谁人低语，“君且住、今欲何归？”

泉台柳，原来却是，缕缕相思。

① 越人歌：关于《越人歌》，有两种说法：(1)《越人歌》相传是中国第一首译诗。鄂君子皙泛舟河中，打桨的越女爱慕他，用越语唱了一首歌，鄂君请人用楚语译出，就是这一首美丽的情诗。有人说鄂君在听懂了这首歌，明白了越女的心之后，就微笑着把她带回去了。（席慕蓉诗《在黑暗的河流上》）(2)这是一首中国古代使用壮侗语族语言民族的古老民歌。公元前528年，楚国令尹鄂君子皙举行舟游盛会，百官缙绅，冠盖如云。在盛会上，越人歌手对鄂君拥楫而歌。一位懂得楚语的越人给子皙翻译道：“今夕何夕兮？搴洲中流，今日何日兮？得与王子同舟。蒙羞被好兮，不訾诟耻。心几烦而不绝兮，得知王子。山有木兮木有枝，心悦君兮君不知。”子皙被这真诚的歌声所感动，按照楚人的礼节，双手扶了扶越人的双肩，又庄重地把一幅绣满美丽花纹的绸缎被面披在他身上。

② 弥弥：(1)连续。汉应劭《风俗通·怪神·城阳景王祠》：“其有犯者，便收朝廷。若私遗脱，弥弥不絶，主者髠截，嘆无反已。”(2)满溢貌。宋黄庭坚《放言》诗之五：“罗网翳稻粱，江湖水弥弥。”

附白朗宁夫人原诗

Sonnets from the Portuguese

*01.EEB

I thought once how Theocritus had sung

Of the sweet years, the dear and wished-for years,

Who each one in a gracious hand appears

To bear a gift for mortals, old or young:

And, as I mused it in his antique tongue,

I saw, in gradual vision through my tears,

The sweet, sad years, the melancholy years,

Those of my own life, who by turns had flung

A shadow across me. Straightway I was ’ware,

So weeping, how a mystic Shape did move

Behind me, and drew me backward by the hair;

And a voice said in mastery, while I strove, --

“Guess now who holds thee?” – “Death,” I said. But, there

The silver answer rang, -- “Not Death, but love.”

5.月光吟（英国女诗人夏洛特·史密斯十四行诗翻译①）

2013年1月8日

银弓女王沐清辉，飘蓬游子独伤悲；

银光闪耀清溪里，浮云掩映影相随。

此时望月人心暖，流光洒落轻霜染；

广寒宫里可安魂，长眠天上多温婉。

可怜地上苦寒人，离魂散去脱黄尘；

月华皎皎柔若水，抚平儿童悸怖痕。

嗟乎！我欲凌空飞舞归玉镜，

化解疲惫之躯轻盈直上寒蟾影。

① 夏洛特·史密斯（1749-1806）出生于一个殷实的家庭，16岁时嫁给了一位商人的儿子。丈夫的奢侈造成家境拮据，债台高筑。丈夫进入债务监狱后，夏洛特与其同守铁窗，陪伴他度过近半年的监禁生活。为了养育10个孩子，夏洛特不断写作，出版了小说、翻译、儿童读物、书信和诗歌共20种。利·亨特认为她的诗歌“自然而动人”，沃尔特·司各特撰文赞誉她的小说《爱默琳》和《古老的庄园》。她最“著名的诗集是《悼祭十四行诗》。她对自然的崇拜和自我分析的思维倾向都使她成为19世纪浪漫派诗人的先驱。

附十四行诗原文

To the Moon

Charlotte Smith (1749-1806)

Queen of the silver bow!--by thy pale beam

Alone and pensive, I delight to stray,

And watch thy shadow trembling in the stream,

Or mark the floating clouds that cross thy way.

And while I gaze, thy mild and placid light

Sheds a soft calm upon my troubled breast;

And oft I think--fair planet of the night--

That in thy orb, the wretched may have rest:

The sufferers of the earth perhaps may go,

Released by Death--to thy benignant sphere,

And the sad children of Despair and Woe

Forget, in thee, their cup of sorrow here.

Oh! that I soon may reach thy world serene,

Poor wearied pilgrim--in this toiling scene!