Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are key signalling molecules that enable cells to rapidly respond to different stimuli. In plants, ROS play a crucial role in abiotic and biotic stress sensing, integration of different environmental signals and activation of stress-response networks, thus contributing to the establishment of defence mechanisms and plant resilience. 

Recent advances in the study of ROS signalling in plants include the identification of ROS receptors and key regulatory hubs that connect ROS signalling with other important stress-response signal transduction pathways and hormones, as well as new roles for ROS in organelle-to-organelle and cell-to-cell signalling. Our understanding of how ROS are regulated in cells by balancing production, scavenging and transport has also increased. 

In this Review, we discuss these promising developments and how they might be used to increase plant resilience to environmental stress.

 摘 要 

活性氧（ROS）是细胞快速响应不同刺激的关键信号分子。在植物中，ROS在非生物和生物胁迫感知、不同环境信号整合以及胁迫响应网络激活等过程中，发挥至关重要的作用，从而有助于建立防御机制和快速恢复能力。最近，有关植物ROS信号转导机制的研究主要包括：ROS受体的鉴定、连接ROS信号转导和其他重要胁迫响应信号转导途径和激素的关键调控中心、以及ROS在细胞器-细胞器和细胞-细胞信号传递中的新作用。目前，对于细胞中的ROS是如何通过平衡产生、清除和运输进行调节的这一问题的理解也有所增加。本文中，作者综述了相关研究进展，并讨论了发展前景，以及如何利用这些进展来提高植物对环境胁迫的适应力。

 Ron Mittler