背景回顾：Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) shows remarkably rapid growth (114.5 cm/d), but the underlying biological mechanisms remain unclear. 

结果1-表型：After examining >12,750 internodes from >510 culms from 17 Moso populations, we identified internode 18 as a representative internode for rapid growth. This internode includes a 2-cm cell division zone, a cell elongation zone up to 12-cm, and a secondary cell wall (SCW) thickening zone. These zones elongated 11.8 cm, produced ∼570,000,000 cells, and deposited ∼28 mg g-1 dry weight (DW) lignin and ∼44 mg g-1 DW cellulose daily, far exceeding vegetative growth observed in other plants. 

结果2-机制：We used anatomical, mathematical, physiological, and genomic data to characterize development and transcriptional networks during rapid growth in internode 18. Our results suggest that 1) gibberellin may directly trigger the rapid growth of Moso shoots, 2) decreased cytokinin and increased auxin accumulation may trigger cell division zone elongation, and 3) abscisic acid and mechanical pressure may stimulate rapid SCW thickening via MYB83L. 

结论：We conclude that internode length involves a possible trade-off mediated by mechanical pressure caused by rapid growth, possibly influenced by environmental temperature and regulated by genes related to cell division and elongation. Our results provide insight into the rapid growth of Moso bamboo.

 摘 要 

毛竹的生长速度出奇的快，每天的高生长可达到114.5cm，但是潜在的生物学机制还不清楚。通过对来自7个毛竹群体超过510毛竹杆的超过12,750个节间分析后，作者发现节间18是毛竹快速生长的代表性节间。该节间具有一个2cm长的细胞分裂区，一个长达12cm的细胞伸长区，以及一个次生细胞壁增厚区。这些区平均每天能够伸长了11.8cm，产生大约570,000,000个细胞，沉积大约28 mg g-1的干重木质素以及44 mg g-1的干重纤维素，这远远超过了其他植物物种在营养生长时的生长量。作者通过解剖学、数学、生理学和基因组数据进一步描述了毛竹节间18在快速生长时的发育和转录网络。作者的研究结果显示：1）赤霉素可能直接诱导了毛竹节杆的快速生长；2）细胞分裂素的降低和生长素的增加可能诱导了细胞分裂区的伸长；3）脱落酸和机械压可能通过MYB83L基因刺激了次生细胞壁的加厚。作者总结道，毛竹节间长度涉及到了一个由快速生长所导致的机械压介导的平衡，而毛竹的快速生长则可能受到环境温度的影响，且受到与细胞分裂和伸长相关基因的调控。本文的研究结果为毛竹快速生长调控机制提供了新的视野。

 魏 强