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“边缘网”(edge.org)今年的问题是“哪个科学思想该下课了?”(What ScientificIdea Is Ready for Retirement? )(http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-279992-802686.html),经济学家Eric R. Weinstein立的“下课标准”是:最该下课的是为思想市场的投机者提供最多机会的东西。(the scientific theory that should be first retired would be the one that offers the greatest opportunity for arbitrage in the market place of ideas.)这也许可以作为“大科学”课题设置的原则——钱怎么分?
有趣的是,大物理学家温伯格在《终极理论之梦》中(第3章)也讨论过研究基金的分配问题——因为很多人抱怨基本粒子物理学浪费的钱太多却没用。温老提起“本家”前辈Alvin Weinberg——曾为橡树岭国家实验室主任——在1964年立的一个标准:“在其他条件相同的情况下,具有最大价值的科学领域是那些为邻近学科带来最多贡献和最大光明的领域。”(I would therefore sharpen the criterion of scientific merit by proposing that, other things being equal, that field has the most scientific merit which contributes most heavily to and illuminates most brightly its neighboring scientific disciplines)(A. M. Weinberg, “Criteria for Scientific Choice”, Physics Today, March 1964, pp.42-48)但温老并不赞同。他给本家回信说,这种理由可以用来证明应该把几十亿美圆的钱花在Texas的蝴蝶分类上,因为它能为Oklahoma的蝴蝶、甚至所有蝴蝶的分类带去光明。这个荒唐的例子说明,不论一个无聊的科学计划对其他无聊的科学计划有多重要,都不能为它自己增加任何重要性。(it does not add much to the importance of an uninteresting scientific project to say that it is important to other uninteresting scientific projects.)
温老似乎又在嘲笑卢瑟福嘲笑过的“集邮”科学。在他看来,他本家的标准丢失了“还原论”的视点:有了还原,科学才变得有趣,因为它能把所有的解释引向一个交汇点(that one of the things that makes some work in science interesting is that it takes us closer to the point where all our explanations converge)。那么,温老的科学标准是,应该选择那些能朝着某个方向汇聚的研究。在他看来,基本粒子物理学距离那个汇聚点最近。
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