河东河西30年，Live English（6）：孙子兵法- Laying Plans

孙子（约公元前545－前470），大约于公元前500年，写出了《孙子兵法》。

阅读《孙子兵法》，英语版对照着文言文版，就像是中国豆腐拌英国Cheese，别有风味。

我看的孙子兵法英文版（The Art of War），是由Lionel Giles于1910翻译的。

Lionel Giles和陈独秀、胡适是同时代人，因为翻译《孙子兵法》而一举成名。

Lionel Giles (29 December 1875 – 22 January1958) was a British scholar and translator.

陈独秀（1879年12月24日－1942年5月27日）；

胡适（1891年12月17日－1962年2月24日）。

请看中国豆腐拌英国Cheese，不但别有风味，而且营养丰富。

孙子曰：兵者，国之大事，死生之地，存亡之道，不可不察也。

Sun Tzu said: The art of war is of vital importance to the State. It is a matter of life and death, a road either to safety or to ruin. Hence it is a subject of inquiry which can on no account be neglected.

故经之以五事，校之以计而索其情：一曰道，二曰天，三曰地，四曰将，五曰法。

The art of war, then, is governed by five constant factors, to be taken into account in one's deliberations, when seeking to determine the conditions obtaining in the field.

These are: (1) The Moral Law; (2) Heaven; (3) Earth;(4) The Commander; (5) Method and discipline.

道者，令民与上同意也，故可以与之死，可以与之生，而不畏危。

The Moral Law causes the people to be in complete accord with their ruler, so that they will follow him regardless of their lives, undismayed by any danger.

天者，阴阳、寒暑、时制也。

Heaven signifies night and day, cold and heat, timesand seasons.

地者，远近、险易、广狭、死生也。

Earth comprises distances, great and small; danger andsecurity; open ground and narrow passes; the chances of life and death.

将者，智、信、仁、勇、严也。

The Commander stands for the virtues of wisdom,sincerely, benevolence, courage and strictness.

法者，曲制、官道、主用也。

By method and discipline are to be understood the marshaling of the army in its proper subdivisions, the graduations of rank among the officers, the maintenance of roads by which supplies may reach the army, andthe control of military expenditure.

凡此五者，将莫不闻，知之者胜，不知者不胜。

These five heads should be familiar to every general: he who knows them will be victorious; he who knows them not will fail.

故校之以计而索其情，曰：主孰有道？将孰有能？天地孰得？法令孰行？兵众孰强？士卒孰练？赏罚孰明？吾以此知胜负矣。

Therefore, in your deliberations, when seeking todetermine the military conditions, let them be made the basis of a comparison,in this wise:--

(1) Which of the two sovereigns is imbued with theMoral law? (2) Which of the two generals has most ability? (3) With whom liethe advantages derived from Heaven and Earth? (4) On which side is disciplinemost rigorously enforced? (5) Which army is stronger? (6) On which side areofficers and men more highly trained? (7) In which army is there the greaterconstancy both in reward and punishment?

By means of these seven considerations I canforecast victory or defeat.

　　将听吾计，用之必胜，留之；将不听吾计，用之必败，去之。

The general that hearkens to my counsel and actsupon it, will conquer: let such a one be retained in command! The general thathearkens not to my counsel nor acts upon it, will suffer defeat:--let such aone be dismissed!

计利以听，乃为之势，以佐其外。

While heading the profit of my counsel, availyourself also of any helpful circumstances over and beyond the ordinary rules.

势者，因利而制权也。

According as circumstances are favorable, oneshould modify one's plans.

兵者，诡道也。

All warfare is based on deception.

故能而示之不能，用而示之不用，近而示之远，远而示之近；

Hence, when able to attack, we must seem unable;when using our forces, we must seem inactive; when we are near, we must makethe enemy believe we are far away; when far away, we must make him believe weare near.

利而诱之，乱而取之，实而备之，强而避之，怒而挠之，卑而骄之，佚而劳之，亲而离之。

Hold out baits to entice the enemy. Feigndisorder, and crush him.

If he is secure at all points, be prepared forhim. If he is in superior strength, evade him.

If your opponent is of choleric temper, seek toirritate him. Pretend to be weak, that he may grow arrogant.

If he is taking his ease, give him no rest. If hisforces are united, separate them.

攻其无备，出其不意。此兵家之胜，不可先传也。

Attack him where he is unprepared, appear whereyou are not expected.

These military devices, leading to victory, mustnot be divulged beforehand.

夫未战而庙算胜者，得算多也；

Now the general who wins a battle makes manycalculations in his temple ere the battle is fought.

未战而庙算不胜者，得算少也。

The general who loses a battle makes but fewcalculations beforehand.

多算胜，少算不胜，而况于无算乎！

Thus do many calculations lead to victory, and fewcalculations to defeat: how much more no calculation at all!

吾以此观之，胜负见矣。

It is by attention to this point that I can foreseewho is likely to win or lose.