[资料，科普] 第谷 Tycho Brahe 的假鼻子是用黄铜 brass 做的

图1  第谷 Tycho Brahe, 1546-12-14 ~ 1601-10-24, 54

https://img.br.de/971f9c22-4663-4f6d-959e-ff6872d73f6b.jpeg?rect=&w=1024&q=90

一、第谷 Tycho Brahe 的假鼻子是用黄铜 brass 做的

1.1 中国国家天文

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5NTYwODk3NA==&mid=2659371620&idx=1&sn=0da0a18dc1a30cb8e47d4720dfeb5342&chksm=bd838a858af40393b0a3c5bfd3a00918f809842cbc044e1590f2034091d658e9872bb6453230&scene=27

   在天文学界，第谷是个神奇的存在。在他二十岁的时候，因与人争论谁是有史以来最杰出的科学家而被人一剑砍掉了鼻梁，自此以后，这个公子哥儿便拥有了与众不同的鼻子——由铜金合金制作的假鼻子（目前由科学家考证是这样的）。

1.2 丹麦奥胡斯大学（Aarhus University）

https://projekter.au.dk/en/tycho-brahe/pressreleases/mercury-poisoning-ruled-out-as-cause-of-tycho-brahes-death/

   'When we exhumed the body in 2010, we took a small bone sample from the nose so that we could examine its chemical composition. Surprisingly, our analyses revealed that the prosthesis was not made of precious metals, as was previously supposed. The green colouration turned out to contain traces of equal parts copper and zinc, which indicates that the prosthesis was made of brass. So Tycho Brahe's famous "silver nose" wasn't made of silver after all,' explains Dr Vellev.

   “当我们在2010年挖出尸体时，我们从鼻子上取了一小块骨头样本，以便我们可以检查它的化学成分。令人惊讶的是，我们的分析表明，假鼻子（假体）不是像以前认为的那样由贵金属制成的。绿色的颜色被证明含有等量的铜和锌，这表明假肢是由黄铜制成的。所以第谷·布拉赫著名的“银鼻子”毕竟不是银做的，Vellev博士解释道。

1.3 大英百科全书

Tycho Brahe, Danish astronomer

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Tycho-Brahe-Danish-astronomer

   In 1566 he lost his nose in a duel with Manderup Parsberg, his third cousin who was also a fellow student at Rostock. He and Parsberg became good friends afterward, but Tycho wore a prosthetic nose for the rest of his life. (His nose was long believed to be silver, but an exhumation of Tycho’s corpse in 2010 revealed that it was brass.)

   1566年，他在与第三代堂兄曼德鲁普·帕尔斯伯格的决斗中失去了鼻子，后者也是罗斯托克的同学。后来，他和Parsberg成为了好朋友，但第谷一生都戴着假鼻子。（长期以来，人们认为他的鼻子是银色的，但2010年对第谷尸体的挖掘显示，它是黄铜的。）

二、卡尔·萨根《宇宙》里“金鼻子”之说似有误

   卡尔·萨根《宇宙》“第三章 宇宙的和谐”里的描述如下：

   他把第谷的领域想象为一个摆脱时代罪恶的避难所，想象为验证他的“宇宙奥秘”的地方。他渴望成为伟大的第谷的同事，因为后者在望远镜发明之前就致力于测量宇宙这部机器达35年之久，工作进行得有条不紊，测得的数据也很精确。但开普勒的愿望是不可能实现的。第谷本人好高骛远，脸上装着一只金鼻子，原来的鼻子在跟同学决斗相争谁是数学高手的时候被削掉了。他的周围都是一些咋咋呼呼的助手、马屁精、远房亲戚和各式各样的食客。他们无休止地狂欢，他们含沙射影、耍阴谋诡计，他们残忍地愚弄勤学好问的乡下人，所有这一切都使开普勒失望和伤心。他写道；“第谷……富贵无比，但是他不懂得怎么用钱。他的任何一件仪器的价值都比我的仪器和我的全部家产的总价值还高。”

参考资料：

[1] 中国国家天文，2024-03-07 16:34，“假鼻子”与“天空立法者”

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5NTYwODk3NA==&mid=2659371620&idx=1&sn=0da0a18dc1a30cb8e47d4720dfeb5342&chksm=bd838a858af40393b0a3c5bfd3a00918f809842cbc044e1590f2034091d658e9872bb6453230&scene=27

[2] Aarhus University, 2021-04-14, Mercury poisoning ruled out as cause of Tycho Brahe's death

https://projekter.au.dk/en/tycho-brahe/pressreleases/mercury-poisoning-ruled-out-as-cause-of-tycho-brahes-death/

   'When we exhumed the body in 2010, we took a small bone sample from the nose so that we could examine its chemical composition. Surprisingly, our analyses revealed that the prosthesis was not made of precious metals, as was previously supposed. The green colouration turned out to contain traces of equal parts copper and zinc, which indicates that the prosthesis was made of brass. So Tycho Brahe's famous "silver nose" wasn't made of silver after all,' explains Dr Vellev. 

[3] AU Communication, Arts, 2021-04-14, Photos from the opening of the tomb

https://projekter.au.dk/en/tycho-brahe/photosfromtheopeningofthetomb/

[4] ENT & Audiology News, 2017-07-24, The astronomer’s nose: Tycho Brahe’s controversial prosthesis

https://www.entandaudiologynews.com/features/ent-features/post/the-astronomer-s-nose-tycho-brahe-s-controversial-prosthesis

   Leaving Denmark in 1562, Brahe crossed the Baltic to Saxony, arriving in Rostock in the autumn of 1566. At a party in early December, however, he was drawn into a quarrel with his fellow student and cousin, Maderup Parsberg. The subject of their altercation is not known, although academic prowess and a shared love interest have both been suggested.

   Brahe was exhumed one final time by a team from Aarhus University in 2010. Spectroscopic analysis of his bones and hair once again detected mercury but not in sufficient quantities to cause death. The team concluded that the presence of mercury was probably as a consequence of Brahe’s scientific experiments with the metal. Analysis of the bones of Tycho’s skull revealed high levels of copper and zinc, leading Vellev’s team to surmise that he had frequently worn a brass prosthesis [7].

[5] 2025-01-07，第谷/Tycho Brahe/陈美东，石云里，中国大百科全书，第三版网络版[DB/OL]

https://www.zgbk.com/ecph/words?SiteID=1&ID=505197&Type=bkzyb&SubID=217671

   （1546-12-14～1601-10-24）

   丹麦天文学家。

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