[讨论] 开普勒、卡文迪许到底长啥样？

一、目前认为的真长相

图1. 约翰内斯·开普勒肖像画，约1730年。

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Kepler

图2. 开普勒与他妻子 Barbara Müller 的肖像

   开普勒（Johannes Kepler, 1571-12-27 ~ 1630-11-15），天文学家、物理学家、数学家。德国人。太阳系行星运动三大定律的发现者。

图3. 卡文迪许 Cavendish 目前仅有的形象资料

   卡文迪许（Henry Cavendish, 1731-10-10 ~ 1810-02-24），natural philosopher（自然哲学家 ），物理学家。英国人。研究空气组成，测出万有引力常数。

二、开普勒 Johannes Kepler 的假画像

图4. 开普勒 Johannes Kepler 的两种假画像

https://physicstoday.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/PT.3.4825

   A comparison of portraits. 

   Fake Johannes Kepler portrait (top left). Allegedly from 1610, this painting by an unknown artist is more likely from the 19th century. If it is based on anything, it likely derived from a portrait of Michael Mästlin. Michael Mästlin portrait (top right). A black-and-white photograph of an original from 1619 sometimes attributed to Conrad Melberger. The portrait, at the University of Tübingen, was flagged by Ernst Zinner as a possible source for the fake.³

   Kepler portrait (bottom left). An engraving based on a portrait of Kepler from 1620. The portrait was given to the Strasbourg University Library in 1627. (Courtesy of the Smithsonian Libraries and Archives.)

   Presumed Kepler portrait (bottom right). Attributed since 1973 to Hans von Aachen.^4,5 It is from around the same year inscribed on the fake portrait, likely 1612. (All four images are in the public domain.)

参考资料：

[1] 返朴，2021-10-28，你见过的开普勒的肖像，其实不是开普勒

https://m.thepaper.cn/baijiahao_15090503

https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1714738387556365778&wfr=spider&for=pc

[2] Physics Today, 2021-09, How a fake Kepler portrait became iconic 

https://physicstoday.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/PT.3.4825

[3] 史晓雷，2022-02-09，头像乌龙：卡文迪许的样子

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-451927-1324651.html

   卡文迪许这个人性格比较怪异，他一生淡泊名利，用自己的家底做了许多一流的实验和发现，但公开发表的极少，人又内向——几乎到了病态的程度（布莱森的畅销科普作品《万物简史》对他的个性和生活有生动的描写）。他不像同时期的许多科学家都留有多幅画像，大概是一位画师在他不知情的情况下“偷偷”给了留了一幅侧影素描，这也是目前仅有的卡文迪许形象资料。下图是从Tools of the Chemist(1940)取的这幅素描。

[4] Johannes Kepler, MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive

https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Kepler/

[5] Johannes Kepler, German astronomer, britannica

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Kepler

[6] Henry Cavendish, British physicist, britannica

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Cavendish

相关链接：

[1] 2022-01-25，[历史] 牛顿毁掉了胡克的肖像（画像）？

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1322603.html

感谢您的指教！

感谢您指正以上任何错误！

感谢您提供更多的相关资料！