归纳推理( induction,Inductive reasoning ),基于对特殊的代表( token )的有限观察,把性质或关系归结到类型;或基于对反复再现的现象的模式( pattern )的有限观察,公式表达规律。 大卫·休谟( David Hume,1711.4.26-1776.8.25 , 经验主义者),代表作:《人性论》( A Treatise of Human ...
分类 ( Taxonomy , Science of classification ) 根据事物种类、等级或者性质,对其分门别类,使复杂无序的事物系统化,从而达到更好地认识和区分客观世界的一种逻辑思维方法。 ( Taxonomy is the science which deals with the study of identifying, grouping, and naming organisms accordi ...
比较 (comparison) 是通过观察,分析,找出研究对象的相同点和不同点,它是认识事物的一种基本方法。 ( Comparison is the act of comparing one thing to another, in order to determine similarities and differences, relative size, relative importance, etc.) 它是应用逻辑研究自然科学的基本 ...
Polaris missile submarine program The Polaris missile was a submarine-launched, two-stage solid-fuel nuclear-armed ballistic missile (SLBM) built during the Cold War by Lockheed for the United States Navy. Known as a Fleet Ballistic Missile (FBM) ...
No.4356 April 25, 1953 NATURE Molecular structure of Nucleic acid A structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid We wish to suggest a structure for the salt of deoxyribose nucleic acid (D.N.A). This structure has novel features which are of considerable bi ...