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难理解的英语句子有多种情形,其中之一是:句子长,结构复杂;复合句主干多歧,且每一个分句都枝繁叶茂。这种句子在散文中多见。准确理解这类句子的关键是弄清其结构。
如下面这句:
It is, indeed, a necessary condition for the enjoyment of that inheritance that a man should be free, and we have really so muddled things that every many men in England are not free, for they have either to suffer a gross denial of mere opportunity - I mean they cannot even leave their town for any distance - or they are so persecuted by his the insecurity of their lives that they have no room for looking at the world, but if an Englisman is free what an inheritance he has to enjoy!
这句并非最长的句子,但却比较典型。它可解析为三个分句:
第一个分句:It is, indeed, a necessary condition for the enjoyment of that inheritance that a man should be free
第二个分句:we have really so muddled things that every many men in England are not free, for they have either to suffer a gross denial of mere opportunity - I mean they cannot even leave their town for any distance - or they are so persecuted by his the insecurity of their lives that they have no room for looking at the world
第三个分句:if an Englisman is free what an inheritance he has to enjoy!
它们之间用“and”和“but”联结。
第一个分句有一个“It is … that…”结构,是主语从句。it 做形式主语,that主语从句后置。
第二个分句主句后面,还有个“for”引导的长的原因状语从句,其中有“either … or …”结构。
参考译文:实际上要享用这份遗产的必要条件是一个人必须自由,可是我们把事情弄糟了,在英国许多人并不自由,他们要么苦于完全没有起码的机会——我是指他们甚至不曾离家出门过——要么他们在生活的压力下失去了环顾世界的余裕。但是一位自由的英国人会有多好的一份遗产可以享用啊。(吴简清译)
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