地中海饮食最健康的神经科学分析

前言

   在人类进化的几百万年里面，也许就是最近一百年，人类逐渐的摆脱了忍饥挨饿的时代，而进入了营养过剩的时代。营养过剩使得人类的代谢无法适应高能量的连续冲击，终于出现了各种代谢疾病，如高血压、糖尿病、高胆固醇血症、高甘油三酯血症、动脉粥样硬化等。随着现代医学模式的转变，人们越发意识到了，很多疾病不是因为外界的毒素或者物质所导致，而是因为我们人类不停的吃喝享受才导致的。如今专家们提出了慢性病的概念，慢性病大多数是代谢性疾病，而慢性病的干预第一位就是生活方式的干预。毋庸置疑，吃是干预的重中之重。传说中，地中海饮食是医学界比较推崇的饮食方式。为何？据说地中海饮食在满足各种营养需求的同时，还能够保证人们不发生营养过剩，最重要的是其中还有许多有助于身体和精神健康的成分。

   今天，从神经科学的角度，我们来看一下地中海饮食到底有什么神奇的功效呢？

地中海饮食与大脑健康

1. 地中海饮食有助于预防大脑认知功能的衰退；

   Cognitive health and Mediterranean diet: just diet or lifestyle pattern?

   Mediterranean diet and cognitive function in older adults.

   Mediterranean diet and cognitive health: an update of available knowledge.
   

2. 地中海饮食可以维护大脑的结构连接以避免衰老所带来的损害。

   Mediterranean diet and preserved brain structural connectivity in older subjects.

3. 地中海饮食可以有助于老年人维持大脑的容量。

   Mediterranean diet habits in older individuals: associations with cognitive functioning and brainvolumes.

4. 地中海饮食增加脑源性神经营养因子的水平；

   The effect of the Mediterranean diet on plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels: the PREDIMED-NAVARRA randomized trial.

5. 地中海饮食可以维持老年人大脑的皮层厚度；

   Mediterranean Diet and Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Assessed Brain Atrophy in Cognitively Normal Individuals at Risk for Alzheimer's Disease.

6. 地中海饮食有助于对抗大脑炎症反应；

   Anti-inflammatory effects of extracts from some traditional Mediterranean diet plants.

7. 地中海饮食可能使小学生获得更高的学业成绩；

   Diet quality and academic achievement: a prospective study among primary school children.
   

地中海饮食与脑疾病

1. 地中海饮食可以预防动脉粥样硬化和脑卒中；

   Mediterranean Diet in patients with acute ischemic stroke: Relationships between Mediterranean Diet score, diagnostic subtype, and stroke severity index.

   Relation of the traditional Mediterranean diet to cerebrovascular disease in a Mediterraneanpopulation.
   

2. 地中海饮食有助于预防抑郁症；

   Mediterranean diet, stroke, cognitive impairment, and depression: A meta-analysis.

3. 地中海饮食有助于预防认知功能障碍；

   Mediterranean diet, stroke, cognitive impairment, and depression: A meta-analysis.

   Polyphenol-rich foods in the Mediterranean diet are associated with better cognitive function in elderly subjects at high cardiovascular risk.

   MIND diet slows cognitive decline with aging.

4. 地中海饮食有助于预防大脑萎缩；

   Mediterranean diet and brain structure in a multiethnic elderly cohort.

   Mediterranean diet is associated with reduced brain shrinkage in older people, study finds.

   Mediterranean Diet and Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Assessed Brain Atrophy in Cognitively Normal Individuals at Risk for Alzheimer's Disease.

5. 地中海饮食可以预防痴呆疾病；

   Mediterranean diet in predementia and dementia syndromes.

   Mediterranean diet and risk for Alzheimer's disease.

6. 地中海饮食有助于预防多发性硬化；

   Multiple sclerosis and cancers in Croatia--a possible protective role of the "Mediterranean diet".

7. 地中海饮食可以减少脑白质高信号，提示其可以预防脑血管损害；

   Mediterranean diet and white matter hyperintensity volume in the Northern Manhattan Study.

8. 地中海饮食可以减少AD患者的死亡率；

   Mediterranean diet and Alzheimer disease mortality.

9. 橄榄油可能会减少AD大脑中得毒性蛋白沉积；

   Extra-virgin olive oil attenuates amyloid-β and tau pathologies in the brains of TgSwDI mice.

   The polyphenol oleuropein aglycone protects TgCRND8 mice against Aß plaque pathology.