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WES急性肠缺血指南推荐

已有 1690 次阅读 2017-8-20 11:28 |个人分类:临床指南和病例解析|系统分类:观点评述

Current recommendations

Statement 1
Severe abdominal pain out of proportion to physical examination findings should be assumed to be AMI until disproven. (Recommendation 1B)
Statement 2
Clinical scenario differentiates AMI as mesenteric arterial emboli, mesenteric arterial thrombosis, NOMI, or mesenteric venous thrombosis. (Recommendation 1B)
Statement 3
Conventional plain X-ray films have limited diagnostic value in evaluating AMI, although signs of intestinal perforation may be seen. (Recommendation 1B)
Statement 4
There are no laboratory studies that are sufficiently accurate to identify the presence or absence of ischemic or necrotic bowel, although elevated l-lactate and D-dimer may assist. (Recommendation 1B)
Statement 5
Computed tomography angiography (CTA) should be performed as soon as possible for any patient with suspicion for AMI. (Recommendation 1A)
Statement 6
Non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia (NOMI) should be suspected in critically ill patients with abdominal pain or distension requiring vasopressor support and evidence of multi-organ dysfunction. (Recommendation 1B)
Statement 7
When the diagnosis of AMI is made, fluid resuscitation should commence immediately to enhance visceral perfusion. Electrolyte abnormalities should be corrected, and nasogastric decompression initiated. (Recommendation 1B)
Statement 8
Broad-spectrum antibiotics should be administered immediately. Unless contraindicated, patients should be anticoagulated with intravenous unfractionated heparin.
(Recommendation 1B)
Statement 9
Prompt laparotomy should be done for patients with overt peritonitis. (Recommendation 1A)
Statement 10
Endovascular revascularization procedures may have a role with partial arterial occlusion. (Recommendation 1C)
Statement 11
Damage control surgery is an important adjunct for patients who require intestinal resection due to the necessity to reassess bowel viability and in patients with refractory sepsis. Planned re-laparotomy is an essential part of AMI management. (Recommendation 1B)
Statement 12
Mesenteric venous thrombosis can often be successfully treated with a continuous infusion of unfractionated heparin. (Recommendation 1B)
Statement 13
When NOMI is suspected, the treatment focus should be to correct the underlying cause and to restore mesenteric perfusion. Infarcted bowel should be resected promptly. (Recommendation 1B)
Statement 14
The finding of massive gut necrosis requires careful assessment of the patients underlying co-morbidities and advanced directives in order to judge whether comfort carries the best treatment. (Recommendation 1C)