氢气和心脏骤停

这是一个非常特殊的研究方向。也是日本政府重点支持和推进的研究，中国日本学者先后发表相关研究论文20篇，围绕这个问题展开了研究和探讨。动物实验中，先后采用不同的给氢气的方法，例如氢气吸入、氢气腹腔注射、氢水注射和联合其他治疗方法，证明氢气对心脏骤停导致的动物生存率，中枢神经系统和心脏损伤的保护，都具有一定作用。日本从2015年后就着手开展临床研究，2021年研究结束，对研究结果的分析表明，单次低浓度连续18小时2%氢气吸入对于18小时内心脏骤停患者的生存率和中枢神经细胞保护都具有意义，这一研究非常清楚地证明氢气的强大神奇效应，那就是极小剂量超强效应的特征，这显得非常非常不可思议。氢气的溶解度非常小，2%的氢气吸入真正能被人体摄取的氢气量极少，又因为氢气扩散能力非常强大，当然这给氢气进入人体提供了条件，但也意味着氢气不可能长期停留在身体内，18小时连续吸入，氢气持续作用时间不太可能超过24小时，就是说吸入停止6小时后氢气几乎不可能仍然存在。

不过有意思的是，虽然这个研究非常有价值，研究的方法和内容十分丰富，但是竟然没有人撰写这方面的综述文章，这是氢气医学研究领域极其少见的情况。

1. Tamura T, Narumiya H, Homma K, Suzuki M; Efficacy of Inhaled Hydrogen on Neurologic Outcome Following Brain Ischemia During PostCardiac Arrest Care (HYBRID II) Study Group. Combination of Hydrogen Inhalation and Hypothermic Temperature Control After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Post hoc Analysis of the Efficacy of Inhaled Hydrogen on Neurologic Outcome Following Brain Ischemia During PostCardiac Arrest Care II Trial. Crit Care Med. 2024 Aug 12.

2. Motta F, De Giorgio D, Cerrato M, Salmaso A, Magliocca A, Merigo G, Olivari D, Perego C, Fumagalli F, Ristagno G. Postresuscitation Ventilation With a Mixture of Argon and Hydrogen Reduces Brain Injury After Cardiac Arrest in a Pig Model. J Am Heart Assoc. 2024 May 7;13(9):e033367.

3. Tamura T, Suzuki M, Homma K, Sano M; HYBRID II Study Group. Efficacy of inhaled hydrogen on neurological outcome following brain ischaemia during post-cardiac arrest care (HYBRID II): a multi-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. EClinicalMedicine.2023 Mar 17;58:101907.

4. Gong X, Fan X, Yin X, Xu T, Li J, Guo J, Zhao X, Wei S, Yuan Q, Wang J, Han X, Chen Y. Hydrogen therapy after resuscitation improves myocardial injury involving inhibition of autophagy in an asphyxial rat model of cardiac arrest. Exp Ther Med. 2022 Jun;23(6):376.

5. Yin T, Becker LB, Choudhary RC, Takegawa R, Shoaib M, Shinozaki K, Endo Y, Homma K, Rolston DM, Eguchi S, Ariyoshi T, Matsumoto A, Oka K, Takahashi M, Aoki T, Miyara SJ, Nishikimi M, Sasaki J, Kim J, Molmenti EP, Hayashida K. Hydrogen gas with extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation improves survival after prolonged cardiac arrest in rats. J Transl Med. 2021 Nov 16;19(1):462.

6. Tamura T, Suzuki M, Hayashida K, Kobayashi Y, Yoshizawa J, Shibusawa T, Sano M, Hori S, Sasaki J. Hydrogen gas inhalation alleviates oxidative stress in patients with post-cardiac arrest syndrome. J Clin Biochem Nutr.2020 Sep;67(2):214-221.

7. Chen G, Li J, Wang J, Chen B, Li Y. Inhaling Hydrogen Ameliorates Early Postresuscitation EEG Characteristics in an Asphyxial Cardiac Arrest Rat Model. Biomed Res Int.2019 Oct 16;2019:6410159.

8. Huang L, Applegate Ii RL, Applegate PM, Gong L, Ocak U, Boling W, Zhang JH. Inhalation of high-concentration hydrogen gas attenuates cognitive deficits in a rat model of asphyxia induced-cardiac arrest. Med Gas Res.2019 Jul-Sep;9(3):122-126.

9. Cole AR, Perry DA, Raza A, Nedder AP, Pollack E, Regan WL, van den Bosch SJ, Polizzotti BD, Yang E, Davila D, Afacan O, Warfield SK, Ou Y, Sefton B, Everett AD, Neil JJ, Lidov HGW, Mayer JE, Kheir JN. Perioperatively Inhaled Hydrogen Gas Diminishes Neurologic Injury Following Experimental Circulatory Arrest in Swine. JACC Basic Transl Sci. 2019 Mar 27;4(2):176-187.

10. Chen G, Chen B, Dai C, Wang J, Wang J, Huang Y, Li Y. Hydrogen Inhalation is Superior to Mild Hypothermia for Improving Neurological Outcome and Survival in a Cardiac Arrest Model of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat. Shock. 2018 Dec;50(6):689-695. 

11. Huang L, Applegate RL 2nd, Applegate PM, Boling W, Zhang JH. Inhalation of high concentration hydrogen gas improves short-term outcomes in a rat model of asphyxia induced-cardiac arrest. Med Gas Res. 2018 Sep 25;8(3):73-78..

12. Wang J, Lin J, Zhang M, He Y, Pan X, Yang C, Cai D. [Hydrogen can alleviate post-cardiac arrest myocardium injury in rabbits]. Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue. 2017 Oct;29(10):911-915. Chinese.

13. Gao Y, Gui Q, Jin L, Yu P, Wu L, Cao L, Wang Q, Duan M. Hydrogen-rich saline attenuates hippocampus endoplasmic reticulum stress after cardiac arrest in rats. Neurosci Lett. 2017 Feb 15;640:29-36.

14. Tamura T, Hayashida K, Sano M, Onuki S, Suzuki M. Efficacy of inhaled HYdrogen on neurological outcome following BRain Ischemia During post-cardiac arrest care (HYBRID II trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials.2017 Oct 23;18(1):488.

15. Tamura T, Hayashida K, Sano M, Suzuki M, Shibusawa T, Yoshizawa J, Kobayashi Y, Suzuki T, Ohta S, Morisaki H, Fukuda K, Hori S. Feasibility and Safety of Hydrogen Gas Inhalation for Post-Cardiac Arrest Syndrome　- First-in-Human Pilot Study. Circ J. 2016 Jul 25;80(8):1870-3.

16. Wang P, Jia L, Chen B, Zhang L, Liu J, Long J, Li Y. Hydrogen Inhalation is Superior to Mild Hypothermia in Improving Cardiac Function and Neurological Outcome in an Asphyxial Cardiac Arrest Model of Rats. Shock. 2016 Sep;46(3):312-8.

17. Hayashida K, Sano M, Kamimura N, Yokota T, Suzuki M, Ohta S, Fukuda K, Hori S. Hydrogen inhalation during normoxic resuscitation improves neurological outcome in a rat model of cardiac arrest independently of targeted temperature management. Circulation. 2014 Dec 9;130(24):2173-80.

18. Huo TT, Zeng Y, Liu XN, Sun L, Han HZ, Chen HG, Lu ZH, Huang Y, Nie H, Dong HL, Xie KL, Xiong LZ. Hydrogen-rich saline improves survival and neurological outcome after cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation in rats. Anesth Analg. 2014 Aug;119(2):368-380.

19. Hayashida K, Sano M, Kamimura N, Yokota T, Suzuki M, Maekawa Y, Kawamura A, Abe T, Ohta S, Fukuda K, Hori S. H(2) gas improves functional outcome after cardiac arrest to an extent comparable to therapeutic hypothermia in a rat model. J Am Heart Assoc. 2012 Oct;1(5):e003459.

20. Huang G, Zhou J, Zhan W, Xiong Y, Hu C, Li X, Li X, Li Y, Liao X. The neuroprotective effects of intraperitoneal injection of hydrogen in rabbits with cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2013 May;84(5):690-5.