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有这样的话“物理是万理之本,是理中之理。”对于电流速度的争论,俺们学生物的也极感兴趣。
电流的速度有多快呢?
查了查英文互联网,是接近光速。
In an electric circuit, the effects of electron motion travel approximately at the speed of light, although electrons within the conductors do not travel anywhere near that velocity.
(见:Circuits and the Speed of Light : Transmission...)
虽然其理论速度是光速。
Electricity and light are both forms of ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION (ER) and all ER travels at the same speed of 300,000. km/second. How many miles per second is 300000 km/s Radio waves, radar, microwaves, light, gamma rays and X rays are all forms of ER and they all travel at " the speed of light"
(见:We want to know which is faster: electricity or ...)
但实际上因为一些原因它达不到光速。
The propogation of electric field, or electrical signalling using electrical signals in a wire is a bit slower. It can be anywhere from about 50% of c to 99% of c, depending upon the wire and insulation composition and construction. See the wiki article Velocity factor.
(见:How fast does electricty travel? - Quora)
But the speed of light in open space is one thing, and the speed of an electromagnetic field inside matter, in this case a wire, is another; it's slower. That's because it interacts with all the atoms in the matter as it moves along. Each interaction takes a brief moment in time, and the electromagnetic field isn't moving while it's interacting. Now, these interactions are very, very fast- they don't slow the electric field down very much, no more than a few percent. So the speed of electric current through a wire is very close to the speed of light in a vacuum, but just a bit less. Remember that it isn't a matter of electrons moving from one end of the wire to another; instead, the electromagnetic field moves through the wire, making electrons jump from one atom to the next, and then another electron from that atom to the next, in a wave. That's how electricity moves through a wire.
(见:Speed of Light and Electricity? - PhysForum...)
作为物理学外行,也只能查查类似于这样的网站(Speed of electricity - Wikipedia, the free...)了。别笑ME啊。
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