背景回顾：RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications are essential in plants. 

温室试验：Here, we show that transgenic expression of the human RNA demethylase FTO in rice caused a more than threefold increase in grain yield under greenhouse conditions. 

大田试验：In field trials, transgenic expression of FTO in rice and potato caused ~50% increases in yield and biomass. 

FTO株系表型：We demonstrate that the presence of FTO stimulates root meristem cell proliferation and tiller bud formation and promotes photosynthetic efficiency and drought tolerance but has no effect on mature cell size, shoot meristem cell proliferation, root diameter, plant height or ploidy. 

FTO作用机制：FTO mediates substantial m6A demethylation (around 7% of demethylation in poly(A) RNA and around 35% decrease of m6A in non-ribosomal nuclear RNA) in plant RNA, inducing chromatin openness and transcriptional activation. 

结论：Therefore, modulation of plant RNA m6A methylation is a promising strategy to dramatically improve plant growth and crop yield.

 摘 要 

RNA m6A修饰在植物中具有重要作用。本文中，作者在水稻中异源表达了人类RNA去甲基化酶FTO，结果在温室条件下，转基因株系的籽粒产量增加了三倍。在田间试验中，水稻和马铃薯的转FTO株系产量和生物量提升了约50%。作者发现，FTO能够促进植物根分生组织细胞的增殖、分蘖芽的形成，并促进光合效率和干旱耐受性，同时对于成熟的细胞大小、茎干细胞增殖、根直径、植株高度以及倍性等无明显影响。FTO会导致植物约7%的poly(A) RNA去甲基化，非核糖体核RNA m6A修饰减少约35%，即导致了植物RNA发生大量的m6A去甲基化，诱导了染色质开放和转录激活。因此，对于植物RNA m6A甲基化的调控，是有效提高植物生长和作物产量的富有前景的策略。