背景+问题：The ancient gymnosperm genus Taxusis the exclusive source of the anticancer drug paclitaxel, yet no reference genome sequences are available for comprehensively elucidating the paclitaxel biosynthesis pathway. 

主要研究：We have completed a chromosome-level genome of Taxus chinensis var. mairei with a total length of 10.23 gigabases.

结果1-基因组演化： Taxus shared an ancestral whole-genome duplication with the coniferophyte lineage and underwent distinct transposon evolution. 

结果2-紫杉醇生物合成：We discovered a unique physical and functional grouping of CYP725As (cytochrome P450) in the Taxus genome for paclitaxel biosynthesis. 

结果3-紫杉烯生物合成：We also identified a gene cluster for taxadiene biosynthesis, which was formed mainly by gene duplications.

结论：This study will facilitate the elucidation of paclitaxel biosynthesis and unleash the biotechnological potential of Taxus.

 摘 要 

古老的裸子植物红豆杉属是具抗癌活性药物紫杉醇的独有来源，但目前还没有用于鉴定完整紫杉醇生物合成途径的参考基因组序列。本文中，作者报道了南方红豆杉染色体水平的基因组，全长10.23Gb。红豆杉与针叶植物谱系共享一次古老的全基因组复制，并经历了不同的转座子演化。作者在红豆杉基因组中发现了一类独特的细胞色素P450基因CYP725As，作用于紫杉醇的生物合成。另外，作者还鉴定到了一个紫杉烯生物合成的基因簇，其主要由基因复制形成。本文的研究将有利于加速对紫杉醇生物合成的研究，有助于加快红豆杉生物技术进程。