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诸平
被不少科学家多次引用论文曾经是已经撤稿的论文,听到这样的信息一定感到好奇吧?说来也奇怪,伊凡·奥兰斯基(IvanOransky)2015年12月28日在“撤稿瞭望(Retraction Watch)”网站就列举了10篇类似的论文,这些论文不仅在撤稿之前已经获得数百次的引用,就是在撤稿之后依然获得上百次或者数百次的引用,我们将这些论文摘引如下,供大家参考。
读者会看到一些熟悉的条目,比如臭名昭著的 《柳叶刀》(LANCET) 论文作者安德鲁·韦克菲尔德(Andrew Wakefield)撰写的 最初认为自闭症和儿童疫苗之间的联系 (originally suggested a link between autism and childhood vaccines)。除此之外,你会注意到许多论文,包括常被引用的论文,就是在撤稿之后依然获得更多引用, 研究表明这是一个持续性的问题 (research has shown is an ongoing problem)。下面是撤稿之后仍然获得高引的前十篇论文(Top10 most highly cited retracted papers)。
论文信息 | 撤稿之年 | 撤稿前 被引 | 撤稿之 后被引 | 总被引 |
1. Visfatin: A protein secreted by visceral fat that mimics the effects of insulin. SCIENCE, JAN 21 2005 Fukuhara A, Matsuda M, Nishizawa M, Segawa K, Tanaka M, Kishimoto K, Matsuki Y, Murakami M, Ichisaka T, Murakami H, Watanabe E, Takagi T, Akiyoshi M, Ohtsubo T, Kihara S, Yamashita S, Makishima M, Funahashi T, Yamanaka S, Hiramatsu R, Matsuzawa Y, Shimomura I. | 247 | 776 | 1023 | |
2. Purification and ex vivo expansion of postnatal human marrow mesodermal progenitor cells. BLOOD, NOV 1 2001 Reyes M, Lund T, Lenvik T, Aguiar D, Koodie L, Verfaillie CM. | 655 | 214 | 869 | |
3. Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children. LANCET, FEB 28 1998 Wakefield AJ, Murch SH, Anthony A, Linnell J, Casson DM, Malik M, Berelowitz M, Dhillon AP, Thomson MA, Harvey P, Valentine A, Davies SE, Walker-Smith JA. | 675 | 308 | 983 | |
4. An enhanced transient expression system in plants based on suppression of gene silencing by the p19 protein of tomato bushy stunt virus. PLANT JOURNAL, MAR 2003 Voinnet O, Rivas S, Mestre P, Baulcombe D. | 897 | N/A | 897 | |
5. Viral pathogenicity determinants are suppressors of transgene silencing in Nicotiana benthamiana. EMBO JOURNAL, NOV 16 1998 Brigneti G, Voinnet O, Li WX, Ji LH, Ding SW, Baulcombe DC. | 792 | N/A | 792 | |
6. TREEFINDER: a powerful graphical analysis environment for molecular phylogenetics. BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY, JUN 28 2004 Jobb G, von Haeseler A, Strimmer K. | 748 | N/A | 748 | |
7. Spontaneous human adult stem cell transformation. CANCER RESEARCH, APR 15 2005 Rubio D, Garcia-Castro J, Martín MC, de la Fuente R, Cigudosa JC, Lloyd AC, Bernad A. | 371 | 269 | 640 | |
8. Combination treatment of angiotensin-II receptor blocker and angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor in non-diabetic renal disease (COOPERATE): a randomised controlled trial. LANCET, JAN 11 2003 Nakao N, Yoshimura A, Morita H, Takada M, Kayano T, Ideura T. | 572 | 101 | 673 | |
9. A pleiotropically acting microRNA, miR-31, inhibits breast cancer metastasis. CELL, JUN 12 2009 Valastyan S, Reinhardt F, Benaich N, Calogrias D, Szász AM, Wang ZC, Brock JE, Richardson AL, Weinberg RA. | 530 | N/A | 530 | |
10. Regression of human metastatic renal cell carcinoma after vaccination with tumor cell-dendritic cell hybrids. NATURE MEDICINE, MAR 2000 Kugler A, Stuhler G, Walden P, Zöller G, Zobywalski A, Brossart P, Trefzer U, Ullrich S, Müller CA, Becker V, Gross AJ, Hemmerlein B, Kanz L, Müller GA, Ringert RH. | 348 | 166 | 514 |
造假、抄袭、剽窃的论文一旦进入文献数据库,危害很大,属于信息污染。
大型文献数据库全世界每天的访问量、检索量非常大(如SCI引文数据库、PUBMED医学文献数据库、SCOPUS数据库等),造假论文成为检索的相关文献命中,有些文献可以被检索者识别出来,有些文献不能准确判定,造成大量人力和时间的损失。
这些造假文献需要做大量的文献处理、数据维护,占用数据库储存空间,加大数据库管理成本。
根据信息传播的传染病原理,错误信息会成倍增加,这些错误的、无用的文献信息,一旦被利用、引用,就造成更大的传播和坏影响。
因此,期刊出版机构撤销论文的同时会通告数据库生产机构,从相应的数据库中撤除这些问题论文。
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