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科学家们发现了具有抗癌潜力的独特肽
诸平
据以色列理工学院( Technion-Israel Institute of Technology)2022年12月29日报道,科学家们发现了具有抗癌潜力的独特肽(Scientists Have Discovered Unique Peptides With Anti-Cancer Potential)。研究人员认为,这种新方法可能比现有的抗癌药物更有效。
来自以色列理工学院和日本东京大学(University of Tokyo)的研究人员发现了具有潜在抗癌特性的独特肽(unique peptides)。相关研究结果于2022年10月18日已经在《自然通讯》(Nature Communications)杂志网站发表——Ganga B. Vamisetti, Abhishek Saha, Yichao J. Huang, Rajeshwer Vanjari, Guy Mann, Julia Gutbrod, Nabieh Ayoub, Hiroaki Suga, Ashraf Brik. Selective macrocyclic peptide modulators of Lys63-linked ubiquitin chains disrupt DNA damage repair. Nature Communications, Published: 18 October 2022. Vol. 13, Article number: 6174. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33808-6. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-33808-6
此项研究强调了独特肽作为抗癌剂的潜力。肽是由肽键连接的氨基酸短链,因其在癌症治疗中的潜在作用而受到关注。与通常包含数百个氨基酸的蛋白质不同,肽最多包含数十种此类氨基酸。研究人员发现的环肽(cyclic peptides)与泛素蛋白(ubiquitin proteins)链特异性结合——泛素蛋白通常用作受损蛋白质的“死亡标签(death tag)”。受损蛋白质的标记导致它们在蛋白酶体(proteasome)或细胞的“垃圾桶(garbage can)”中被分解。
肽通常含有不超过几十个氨基酸,而蛋白质通常含有数百个氨基酸。研究人员最近发现的环肽具有特异性结合泛素蛋白链的能力,泛素蛋白通常被用作受损蛋白质的“死亡标签”。然后,这些标记的蛋白质在蛋白酶体中分解,蛋白酶体是一种负责清除废物的细胞结构。
该研究由以色列理工学院舒立克化学学院(Schulich Faculty of Chemistry at the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology)的阿什拉夫·布里克(Ashraf Brik)教授、甘哥·瓦米塞蒂(Ganga B. Vamisetti)博士和阿比谢克·萨哈(Abbishek Saha)博士以及以色列理工学院生物学院的纳比·阿尤布(Nabieh Ayoub)教授和来自东京大学(University of Tokyo )菅裕明(Hiroaki Suga)教授共同进行指导完成。
泛素系统的发现使三位研究人员获得了2004年诺贝尔化学奖(The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004),其中包括以色列理工学院理工学院露丝和布鲁斯·拉帕波特医学院(Technion’s Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine)的杰出教授阿龙·切哈诺沃(Aaron Ciechanover)和
阿夫拉姆·赫什科(Avram Hershko)。
多年来,很明显泛素系统的活性部分取决于泛素分子在链中相互连接的点。例如,连接链中第48位(K48) 的泛素会导致蛋白质被蛋白酶体去除,而连接第63位(K63)的泛素会导致受损DNA的修复。
近年来,以色列理工学院的研究人员开发了一种影响泛素机制的新方法。他们决定尝试直接干预泛素链本身,而不是干扰影响这些机制的酶的活性。
基于这种方法,研究人员在之前的一项工作中开发了与K48连接的泛素链结合的环肽,防止它们导致受损蛋白质的分解。这种破坏逐渐导致细胞程序性死亡。在同一项研究中,他们假设并证明,当这种事件在恶性肿瘤(malignant tumor)中形成时,它会杀死癌细胞,从而有可能保护患者。这一发现于2019年6月10日在《自然化学》(Nature Chemistry)杂志网站发表,促使成立了一家新的初创公司,将这一发现推向临床应用。详见Mickal Nawatha, Joseph M. Rogers, Steven M. Bonn, Ido Livneh, Betsegaw Lemma, Sachitanand M. Mali, Ganga B. Vamisetti, Hao Sun, Beatrice Bercovich, Yichao Huang, Aaron Ciechanover, David Fushman, Hiroaki Suga, Ashraf Brik. De novo macrocyclic peptides that specifically modulate Lys48-linked ubiquitin chains. Nature Chemistry, Published: 10 June 2019. Volume 11, Pages: 644–652. DOI: 10.1038/s41557-019-0278-x. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41557-019-0278-x
在当前的研究中,发现了与泛素第63位连接的链结合并参与修复受损 DNA 的环肽。研究人员发现,当连接到这些泛素链上时,这些肽会破坏上述修复机制。这会导致受损DNA的积累,并导致细胞死亡。同样,当这种结合发生在癌细胞中时,它会破坏这些细胞。研究人员认为,这种治疗策略可能比现有的抗癌药物更有效,因为患者会逐渐对这些药物产生耐药性。
上述介绍,仅供参考。欲了解更多信息,敬请注意浏览原文或者相关报道。
Abstract (DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33808-6)
Developing an effective binder for a specific ubiquitin (Ub) chain is a promising approach for modulating various biological processes with potential applications in drug discovery. Here, we combine the Random Non-standard Peptides Integrated Discovery (RaPID) method and chemical protein synthesis to screen an extended library of macrocyclic peptides against synthetic Lys63-linked Di-Ub to discover a specific binder for this Ub chain. Furthermore, next-generation binders are generated by chemical modifications. We show that our potent cyclic peptide is cell-permeable, and inhibits DNA damage repair, leading to apoptotic cell death. Concordantly, a pulldown experiment with the biotinylated analog of our lead cyclic peptide supports our findings. Collectively, we establish a powerful strategy for selective inhibition of protein-protein interactions associated with Lys63-linked Di-Ub using cyclic peptides. This study offers an advancement in modulating central Ub pathways and provides opportunities in drug discovery areas associated with Ub signaling.
Abstract (DOI: 10.1038/s41557-019-0278-x)
A promising approach in cancer therapy is to find ligands that directly bind ubiquitin (Ub) chains. However, finding molecules capable of tightly and specifically binding Ub chains is challenging given the range of Ub polymer lengths and linkages and their subtle structural differences. Here, we use total chemical synthesis of proteins to generate highly homogeneous Ub chains for screening against trillion-member macrocyclic peptide libraries (RaPID system). De novo cyclic peptides were found that can bind tightly and specifically to K48-linked Ub chains, confirmed by NMR studies. These cyclic peptides protected K48-linked Ub chains from deubiquitinating enzymes and prevented proteasomal degradation of Ub-tagged proteins. The cyclic peptides could enter cells, inhibit growth and induce programmed cell death, opening new opportunities for therapeutic intervention. This highly synthetic approach, with both protein target generation and cyclic peptide discovery performed in vitro, will make other elaborate post-translationally modified targets accessible for drug discovery.
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