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“千分之四全球土壤增碳计划”对中国的挑战与应对策略

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“千分之四全球土壤增碳计划”对中国的挑战与应对策略

程琨, 潘根兴

南京农业大学农业资源与生态环境研究所，南京 210095

“Four Per Mille Initiative: Soils for Food Security and Climate” Challenges and Strategies for China’s Action

Cheng Kun, Pan Genxing

Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China

摘要

《联合国气候变化框架公约》（UNFCCC）第21次缔约方大会通过《巴黎协议》之际，法国农业部提出了“千分之四全球土壤增碳计划”，随后被UNFCCC宣布正式启动。本文分析了该计划的背景与土壤固碳技术要求及其对中国固碳减排和气候变化外交的可能挑战。考虑到中国温室气体排放高，土壤碳库和当前固碳速率较低，而且预估的固碳潜力不确定性较大导致固碳目标设置困难，建议中国暂缓加入该计划，并可基于中国农业废弃物炭化技术可以达到较高的固碳减排效益，提出以生物质废弃物治理为中心的农业能源-土壤-肥料一体化减排增碳计划，主动应对新的气候变化减排外交，推进农业减污减肥减排的生态文明建设。

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关键词: 土壤固碳气候变化 “千分之四”计划温室气体减排生物质炭

Abstract:

At the twenty-first session of the Conference of the Parties (COP21) in Paris in December of 2015, Parties to the UN Framework on Climate Change (UNFCCC) reached a historic agreement (Paris Agreement) to combat climate change and to accelerate and intensify the actions and investments needed for a sustainable low carbon future. Given these, an initiative named “4‰ initiative: soils for food security and climate” was proposed by French Ministry of Agriculture, and this initiative had been launched officially at the COP21 and signed up by some global organizations. China has the high CO2emissions but low soil carbon pool; moreover, there are large uncertainties to estimate the carbon sequestration potential. These factors induce the difficulty of target determination. Therefore, China should defer joining this initiative. The straw pyrolysis carbonization technology may be generalized to improve carbon sequestration, fertilizer use efficiency and greenhouse gas mitigation through the waste management project under national ecological civilization construction in China. This paper also suggests that China puts forward the biomass treatment centered energy-fertilizer-carbon sequestration project to raise the discourse power in the field of climate change.

Key words: soil organic carbon sequestration climate change four per mille initiative greenhouse gas mitigation biochar

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金;江苏省自然科学基金

通讯作者: 潘根兴 E-mail: pangenxing@aliyun.com

引用本文:

程琨, 潘根兴. “千分之四全球土壤增碳计划”对中国的挑战与应对策略[J]. 气候变化研究进展, 2016, 12(5): 457-464.
Cheng Kun, Pan Genxing . “Four Per Mille Initiative: Soils for Food Security and Climate” Challenges and Strategies for China’s Action. Climate Change Research, 2016, 12(5): 457-464.