||
“一切真理开始时总是在少数人手里,总是受到多数人的压力。这是一个规律。”
“一万年以后,先进的东西开始也还是要挨骂的。”
真理只有一个,而究竟谁发现了真理,不依靠主观的夸张,而依靠客观的实践。
不是由于有意压抑,只是由于鉴别不清,也会妨碍新生事物的成长。
客观规律是客观的;独立于人而客观存在。
基础研究是科技创新的源头。很多“卡脖子”技术问题,根子是基础理论研究跟不上,源头和底层的东西没有搞清楚。
“追求科学需要特殊的勇敢。”
https://www.cas.cn/xw/zjsd/200906/t20090608_642499.shtml
https://news.sciencenet.cn/sbhtmlnews/2018/9/339380.shtm
[谁都可能出错,科学精神] 梵高:红卷心菜和大蒜/洋葱
一、梵高 1887:《红卷心菜和大蒜》!不是洋葱
梵高 1887年的布面油画静物《红卷心菜和洋葱 Red Cabbages and Onions》,里面画的是“红卷心菜”和“大蒜”,而不是以前误以为的“洋葱”!
图1 红卷心菜和大蒜 Red Cabbages and Garlic, the Van Gogh Museum
https://www.vangoghmuseum.nl/en/collection/s0082V1962
2022年3月,恩斯特·德·维特(Ernst de Witte)参观阿姆斯特丹的梵高博物馆(Van Gogh Museum )时,发现《红卷心菜和洋葱 Red Cabbages and Onions》里面画的不是两头洋葱 onions,而是两头大蒜 two heads of garlic!
从 1928年开始,这幅画一直被错误地命名为“红卷心菜和洋葱”。2022年11月,梵高博物馆决定更改画的名字:红卷心菜和大蒜!
With his wife, de Witte prepared a presentation and a video comparing the way van Gogh painted the two alliums over the course of his career, including his 1889 work Still Life With a Plate of Onions. Using his own artistic talents, de Witte also made an overlay drawing on top of the suspected garlic in Red Cabbages and Onions to show how van Gogh had painted them.
德维特和妻子一起准备了一份演示文稿和一段视频,比较了梵高在其职业生涯中画这两个大蒜的方式,包括他1889年的作品《Still Life With a Plate of Onions》。德维特还利用自己的艺术天赋,在《红卷心菜和洋葱》中疑似大蒜的顶部做了一幅叠加画,以展示梵高是如何画出这些大蒜的。
In November, the museum told de Witte it was changing the name of the painting, which is now listed as Red Cabbages and Garlic.
11月,博物馆告诉德维特,它正在更改这幅画的名字,现在被列为《红卷心菜和大蒜》。
To celebrate his discovery, de Witte created a dish inspired by the painting, featuring poached red cabbage and a smoked garlic creme with a vinaigrette of lemon balm, tarragon and absinthe.
为了庆祝他的发现,德维特受这幅画的启发创作了一道菜,以水煮红卷心菜和烟熏大蒜奶油为特色,配以柠檬油、龙蒿和苦艾酒调味汁。
“As soon as the vinaigrette comes in contact with the red cabbage components, the colors start to fade, just like the red/blue pigments in van Gogh’s paintings,” de Witte tells Hyperallergic. “Our guests are in love with it, especially combined with the story and the beer brewed with absinthe we pair it with.”
德维特告诉《Hyperallergic》:“醋汁一接触到红色卷心菜成分,颜色就开始褪色,就像梵高画中的红/蓝颜料一样。”。“我们的客人很喜欢它,尤其是结合了这个故事和我们搭配的苦艾酒酿造的啤酒。”
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/van-gogh-red-cabbages-onions-garlic-180982155/
图2 Ernst de Witte Chef/artist Ernst de Witte with a small sampling of his paintings. 厨师/艺术家 Ernst de Witte 和他的绘画小样
https://allthatsinteresting.com/van-gogh-red-cabbages-and-garlic
https://allthatsinteresting.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/ernst-de-witte.jpg
图3 Still life around a plate of onions, 1889, van Gogh, 梵高1889年的《一盘洋葱周围的静物》
https://www.accents-n-art.com/framed-art/darkwood/darkwood-M00565fp.jpg
https://www.accents-n-art.com/framed-art/12x16-darkwood-M00565.html
图4 恩斯特·德·维特的梵高风格的菜肴被吃掉前后,Ernst de Witte’s van Gogh-inspired dish before and after it was devoured (images courtesy Ernst de Witte)
https://hyperallergic.com/816772/van-gogh-still-life-renamed-after-chef-catches-mistake/
二、类比:科学
2.1 丘成桐老师的论点
丘成桐老师 2020-09-17 对大学生说:“当你在一门课里面把基本功夫搞扎实以后,你就发现书里面很多是错的。”
图5 裁剪调整自刘全慧老师博文,http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-3377-1251601.html
2.2 杨振宁老师:库仑实验的误差为 30%
在 2022-09-27 的博文《学生的问题vs杨振宁先生的回答》,为了回答本科生提出的“硬凑”猜测,刘全慧老师引用杨振宁老师的文献,证实:
“不过,我曾经把库仑的文章拿来看了一看,发现他写出的那个公式同实验的误差达到30%以上。估计他所以写这个公式,一部分是猜出来的,猜测的道理是因为他已经知道了牛顿的公式。我所以要和大家讲这一点,是因为在所有物理和数学的最前沿的研究工作,很大一部分力量要化在猜想上。在别的方面可能也是这样,不过我不太熟悉罢了。当然这并不是说可以乱猜,猜必须建筑在过去的一些知识上面,你过去的知识愈正确愈广泛,那么猜到正确答案的可能性就愈大。”
图6 (美)杨振宁著 杨振玉等译. 基本粒子及其相互作用[M]. 1999,第 71 页截图
2.3 杨振宁老师:对电磁场的描叙上,场强(E,B,也就是电磁张量F)的描述并不足够
Aharonov-Bohm首先给出的电磁场的磁矢势描述的观测意义,吴大峻-杨振宁则进一步揭示了Aharonov-Bohm发现的物理意义。吴杨有一个结论说,电磁场是客观实在,但是对电磁场的描叙上,场强(E,B,也就是电磁张量F)的描述并不足够,而电磁势(A,f,也就是四维势A)的描述有所多余。一个恰当的描述是,是关于电磁势回路积分的一个相位因子。
引用自:刘全慧,2010-10-05,最是难解电磁场 精选
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-3377-369794.html
参考资料:
[1] Red Cabbages and Garlic, the Van Gogh Museum
https://www.vangoghmuseum.nl/en/collection/s0082V1962
Red Cabbages and Garlic
Currently on view
Vincent van Gogh (1853 - 1890), Paris, October-November 1887
oil on canvas, 50.2 cm x 64.3 cm
Credits (obliged to state): Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam (Vincent van Gogh Foundation)
Van Gogh could not have chosen a simpler subject: some garlic and a few red cabbages. But by working with colour contrasts, he was able to turn them into something special.
It's important to realise that the colours in this still life have changed over time. The tablecloth is now greyish-blue but was originally purple. That formed a strong contrast with the yellow of the garlic and of the right upper background.
[2] Austin Harvey, 2023-05-12, This Van Gogh Painting Was Just Renamed After A Chef Realized That Its ‘Onions’ Are Actually Garlic
https://allthatsinteresting.com/van-gogh-red-cabbages-and-garlic
While visiting the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam in March 2022, chef Ernst de Witte noticed something wrong with the Dutch artist’s 1887 still life Red Cabbages and Onions — namely, that the painting did not portray any onions.
[3] hyperallergic, 2023-04021, Van Gogh Still Life Renamed After Chef Catches Mistake
https://hyperallergic.com/816772/van-gogh-still-life-renamed-after-chef-catches-mistake/
[4] the Van Gogh Museum
https://www.vangoghmuseum.nl/en
[5] 百度,卢群,2023-05-15,多亏一位眼尖的厨师,梵高的油画有了新名字,还诞生了一道网红菜
https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1765947322091058103&wfr=spider&for=pc
[6] 2023-05-12,凡高博物馆/Van Gogh Museum/李萌、杜辉,中国大百科全书,第三版网络版[DB/OL]
https://www.zgbk.com/ecph/words?SiteID=1&ID=554233&Type=bkzyb&SubID=229994
馆藏均与凡高有关,包括18幅自画像、221幅风景画、31幅静物画、818幅素描和手稿,以及凡高大量的私人信件和个人档案,讲述了凡高人生各个阶段的经历。
[7] 2023-05-08,凡高,V./Vincent van Gogh/邵大箴、奚静之,中国大百科全书,第三版网络版[DB/OL]
https://www.zgbk.com/ecph/words?SiteID=1&ID=462728&Type=bkzyb&SubID=60967
生于津德尔特,卒于奥威尔。主要活跃于法国,继印象主义之后在画坛上产生重要影响的革新者,与P.高更、P.塞尚齐名,通常被人们称作后印象主义的代表。
推荐阅读:
[1] 科学出版社,2015-08-10,科学上过分漂亮的结论很有可能是以无中生有的方式编造出来的 [EB/OL] 精选
http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-528739-911890.html
[2] 刘全慧,2020-09-27,开学第一课,丘成桐给大学生指出一条成材捷径 [EB/OL]
http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-3377-1251601.html
[3] 刘全慧,2022-09-27,学生的问题vs杨振宁先生的回答 [EB/OL]
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-3377-1357091.html
[4] 刘全慧,2010-10-05,最是难解电磁场 [EB/OL] 精选
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-3377-369794.html
相关链接:
[1] 2022-10-25,[讨论] 丘成桐老师:“你就发现书里面很多是错的”
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1360906.html
[2] 2022-09-28,历史上经典科学实验的现代再检验:“硬凑”的逻辑
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1357231.html
[3] 2021-10-08,[呼吁] 电磁场基本概念与定律的高精度高稳定性实验再验证
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1307188.html
[4] 2021-01-13,[建议] 广泛重复自然科学各个学科中100多年前的那些经典实验
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1267037.html
[5] 2020-12-01,[建议] 重复孟德尔的生物学豌豆实验
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1260648.html
[6] 2019-04-06,[呼吁] 经典电磁学实验的现代高精度、高稳定性再检验!
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1171840.html
[7] 2019-03-05,[建议] 宏观点电荷发出的磁场、电磁波判定实验原理
http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1165792.html
[8] 2014-11-28,[建议] 安培力定律(Ampère's force law)与洛伦兹力(Lorentz force)的高精度现代检验
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-847051.html
感谢您的指教!
感谢您指正以上任何错误!
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