现在的古植物学研究早已不是肤浅的“比娃娃”—简单地对比图版了。严谨而深入的古植物学研究不仅需要现代科学研究（包括生物科学、地球科学和环境科学）的思想理论，而且需要先进的实验仪器和技术方法。古植物学研究既有思想性，又有技术性，两者是无法截然分开的。

   在中国古植物学的很多学术机构里，技术员（Research Technician）通常是很尴尬的职业，而且技术员队伍很不稳定，可以说这方面的问题成堆，原因很复杂。英国古植物学界的情形如何？今天的《古植物学的故事》主要介绍非常敬业、非常专业、在卡迪夫大学（Cardiff University）从事化石植物实验技术工作长达30多年的Lindsey Axe女士。

   英国卡迪夫大学古植物学家Dianne Edwards教授（FRS,1942--）是当今世界早期陆地植物研究领域(early land plants)最卓越的科学家。Dianne Edwards有一位非常得力的研究助手，叫Mrs Lindsey Axe，她们密切合作了30多年，取得很多研究成果。

   30多年来，Lindsey Axe一直供职于卡迪夫大学，主要从事植物化石实验技术和实验室管理工作。她以极大的热情和耐心用严谨的实验技术方法特别对晚志留纪—早泥盆纪（距今4亿年前）的植物化石（包括化石孢子）开展了大量的扫描电镜工作。精美的扫描电镜照片提供了丰富的、准确可靠的结构植物学信息，大大促进了早期陆地植物的起源进化及其生态适应的研究。与此同时，精美的图片也展示了沉睡4亿之久的化石植物的形态结构之自然美！

The above figure is cited from Edwards & Kenrick (2015, Fig.3.)

[这是Edwards & Kenrick (2015)文中的第3张图，多为电镜照片，详细说明参见英文原文]

   在多如牛毛的学术会议上，我们从来没有见过英国古植物学同行Lindsey Axe女士的身影。在各种各样的科学旅行中，我们也似乎从来没有见过她的身影。细心的研究者偶尔从一些古植物学文献看到她的名字。Lindsey Axe和她的扫描电镜及植物化石在一起，和她的古植物学实验室在一起！我们对Lindsey Axe女士持之以恒、追求卓越的工作精神表示由衷的敬意！

∮1 教育背景（Education）

BSc –Geology, University of Wales, Aberystwyth, UK (1980)

∮ 2 工作经历 (Employment history)

Senior Research Technician – School of Earth & Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, UK (2001 – present)

Research Technician – School of Earth &Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, UK (1988 – 2001)

Research Technician – Department of PlantScience, Cardiff University, UK (1984 – 1988)

Research Technician – Department ofAnatomy, Cardiff University, UK (1983 – 1984)

Research Technician – Department ofPhysiology, Cardiff University, UK (1982 – 1983)

Research Technician – Department of Botany,University of Wales, Aberystwyth, UK (1980 – 1981)

∮ 3 工作兴趣 (Research interests)

Light microscopy and imaging

Scanning electron microscopy

Devonian palaeobotany

∮4 研究论著 (Publications)

重要科学发现

• Edwards, D., Davies, K. L. and Axe, L. 1992. A vascular conducting strand in the early land plant Cooksonia. Nature 357(6380),pp. 683-685. (10.1038/357683a0)

• Edwards, D. et al. 1995. Coprolites as evidence for plant–animal interaction in Siluro–Devonian terrestrial ecosystems. Nature 377(6547),pp. 329-331. (10.1038/377329a0)

其他出版物，参见http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/people/view/82024-axe-lindsey

---------------------------

孙启高 2015年7月10日早上初步整理，7月11日早上修改

本期编目

古植物学的故事374期[总第375期]

Story of Paleobotany Series (No.374) [The375^th issue in total]

幕后女英雄--英国古植物学技术员Lindsey Axe

Lindsey Axe: a behind-the-scenes heroine of UK palaeobotany

http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-225931-904703.html

2015-7-1122:50

----------------------------------

相关阅读：

Lindsey Axe (Cardiff University) — Senior Research Technician

http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/people/view/82024-axe-lindsey

Dianne Edwards,  FRS FRSE FLS FLSW

http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/people/view/81680-edwards-dianne

Edwards, D. and Kenrick, P. 2015. The early evolution of land plants, from fossils togenomics: a commentary on Lang (1937) 'On the plant-remains from the Downtonian of England and Wales'. Philosophical Transactions of the RoyalSociety of London Series B - Biological Sciences 370(1666), articlenumber: 20140343. (10.1098/rstb.2014.0343)

Edwards & Kenrick (2015)文中的第3张图的详细说明如下[See： Fig.3. of  Edwards, D. &Kenrick, P. (2015)]----

“All scanning electron micrographs except where stated. (a) Cooksonia pertoni subsp. apiculispora. Lochkovian.North Brown Clee Hill, Shropshire. Scale bar, 500 µm. First published in [10, fig. 1a]. Museum number NMW94.60G.17. (b) C. pertoni subsp. apiculispora Lochkovian. North Brown Clee Hill, Shropshire. Scalebar, 500 µm. First published in [12, plate III-1].Museum number NMW94.60G.14. (c) Proximal (extreme right) and distal surfaces of sporesof Aneurosporanewportensis, isolatedfrom sporangium in (a). Scale bar, 20 µm. From [10, fig. 1d]. (d) Stoma from subtending stem in (a). Scale bar, 20 µm. From [10, fig. 1b]. (e) Cast of tracheid from stem in (a); grooves indicateposition of annular thickenings. From [10, fig. 2a]. (f)–(j) Spores present in subspecies of C. pertoni. (f) Proximal surface of Ambitisporites sp. (subsp. pertoni), Upper Silurian. Scale bar, 10 µm. First published in [13, fig. 3.1b].V.62776. (g,h)Proximal and distal surfaces of Synorisporites verrucatus (subsp. synorispora), Upper Silurian. Scale bar, 10 µm. First published in [14; plate 1, figs 3,4]. NMW93.143G.1. (i,j) Proximal and distal surfaces of Synorisporites sp. (subsp. reticulispora), Lochkovian. Scale bar, 10 µm. First published in [15, plate VI, 3,18]. NMW2012.29G.20 and 19. (k) Light micrograph of a tubular structure (?hypha/bandedtube) with internal spiral thickenings isolated from late Wenlock (Silurian),Rumney, Cardiff. Scale bar, 10 μm. First published in [16, fig. 23]. MPK6028. (l)Fractured end of banded tube, Ludlow (Upper Silurian), S. Wales. Scale bar, 5µm. First published in [17, fig. 68].NMW77.34G.33c. (m) Fusitheca fanningiae containing permanent laevigate dyads with thin envelope.Lochkovian, Shropshire. Scale bar, 500 µm. First published in [18, fig. 54].NMW97.42G.4. (n) Light micrograph of Velatitetras rugulata, a permanent tetrad enclosed in a ‘rucked’ envelope,isolated from Wenlock rock, Shropshire. Unpublished–courtesy of Neil Burgess.Scale bar, 10 μm. (o) Tetrahedraletes medinensis, a permanent tetrad, Ordovician, Shropshire. Scale bar,13 µm. First published in [19, fig. 5A]. (p) Light micrograph of Artemopyra brevicosta, a permanent dyad, Wenlock, Shropshire. Scale bar, 10µm. First published in [20; plate 1, fig.1]. (q) Dyadospora murusdensa, a permanent dyad, Ordovician, Shropshire. Scale bar, 10µm. First published in [19; plate 2, fig.11]. (r,s) Fragment of Nematothallus williamii, Lochkovian, Shropshire. First published in [21, fig. 1A,B]. Museumnumber NMW2013.39G.1. (r) Note three-layered thallus. Scale bar, 200 µm. (s) Magnification of (r) showing the surface patterning typical of the Nematothallus ‘cuticle’ and larger hyphae aligned perpendicular to thesurface. Arrows indicate positions of lateral branches or areas in contact witha postulated photobiont. Scale bar, 100 µm. (t) Gametophytes and fertile sporophytes of Funaria hygrometrica. Note bifurcating seta in sporophyte on extreme left.(Courtesy of Jill Harrison, Yoan Coudart and Alison Reed, CambridgeUniversity.)”

《古植物学的故事》(第197期)

《英国专辑》(补充之一)

我所认识的第一位英国古植物学家--DianneEdwards（FRS, 1942--）

Story of Palaeobotany Series (197)

Dianne Edwards (FRS, 1942--), the first Britishpalaeobotanist I have known

(The 1^st Addendum to the Special Issue forBritish Palaeobotany)[in Chinese]

http://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=space&uid=225931&do=blog&quickforward=1&id=691304

2013-5-19 03:53

http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-225931-691304.html

British palaeobotany 2^nd issue

英国古植物学队伍庞大阵容豪华

http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-225931-866450.html

2015-2-8 01:21

古植物学的故事287期[总第288期]      

Story of Palaeobotany Series (No.287)[The 288^th issue in total]

古植物学是细活，而不是粗活

Meticulous work is welcome for palaeobotany

http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-225931-864498.html

2015-1-3123:21

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其他出版物，参见http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/people/view/82024-axe-lindseyArticles

• Edwards, D., Axe, L. and Honegger, R.2013. Contributions to thediversity in cryptogamic covers in the mid-Palaeozoic: 'Nematothallus'revisited. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 173(4),pp. 505-534. (10.1111/boj.12119)

• Honegger, R., Axe, L. and Edwards, D.2013. Bacterial epibiontsand endolichenic actinobacteria and fungi in the Lower Devonian lichenChlorolichenomycites salopensis. Fungal Biology 117(7-8),pp. 512-518. (10.1016/j.funbio.2013.05.003)

• Honegger, R., Edwards, D. and Axe, L.2013. The earliest recordsof internally stratified cyanobacterial and algal lichens from the LowerDevonian of the Welsh Borderland. New Phytologist 197(1),pp. 264-275. (10.1111/nph.12009)

• Morris, J. et al. 2012. Further insights into triletespore producers from the Early Devonian (Lochkovian) of the Welsh Borderland,U.K.. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 185, pp.35-63. (10.1016/j.revpalbo.2012.08.001)

• Morris, J. et al. 2012. New dyad-producing plantsfrom the Lower Devonian (Lochkovian) of the Welsh Borderland.. BotanicalJournal- Linnean Society 169(4), pp. 569-595. (10.1111/j.1095-8339.2012.01231.x)

• Edwards, D. et al. 2012. A new group of Early Devonianplants with valvate sporangia containing sculptured permanent dyads. BotanicalJournal of the Linnean Society 168(3), pp. 229-257. (10.1111/j.1095-8339.2011.01207.x)

• Edwards, D. and Axe, L. 2012. Evidence for a fungal affinityfor Nematasketum, a close ally of Prototaxites. Botanical Journalof the Linnean Society 168(1), pp. 1-18. (10.1111/j.1095-8339.2011.01195.x)

• Edwards, D., Selden, P. A. andAxe, L. 2012. SelectiveFeeding in an Early Devonian Terrestrial Ecosystem. Palaios 27(7),pp. 509-522. (10.2110/palo.2011.p11-094r)

• Edwards, D. et al. 2012. Notes on sporangia and sporemasses containing tetrads or monads from the Lower Devonian (Lochkovian) of theWelsh Borderland, U.K.. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 179,pp. 56-85. (10.1016/j.revpalbo.2012.03.008)

• Morris, J. et al. 2011. New plant taxa from the LowerDevonian (Lochkovian) of the Welsh Borderland, with a hypothesis on therelationship between hilate and trilete spore producers. Review ofPalaeobotany and Palynology 167(1-2), pp. 51-81. (10.1016/j.revpalbo.2011.06.007)

• Edwards, D. et al. 2009. Enigmatic fossils from theUpper Silurian of Bolivia: evidence for marine productivity in high-latitudeGondwana. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 325(1),pp. 177-200. (10.1144/SP325.10)

• Glasspool, I. J., Edwards, D. andAxe, L. 2006. Charcoalin the Early Devonian: A wildfire-derived Konservat–Lagerstätte. Reviewof Palaeobotany and Palynology 142(3-4), pp. 131-136. (10.1016/j.revpalbo.2006.03.021)

• Edwards, D. et al. 2006. Provenance and age ofbacteria-like structures on mid-Palaeozoic plant fossils. InternationalJournal of Astrobiology 5(2), pp. 109-142. (10.1017/S147355040600303X)

• Edwards, D. and Axe, L. 2004. Anatomical evidence in thedetection of the earliest wildfires. Palaios 19(2), pp.113-128. (10.1669/0883-1351(2004)019<0113:AEITDO>2.0.CO;2)

• Glasspool, I. J., Edwards, D. andAxe, L. 2004. Charcoalin the Silurian as evidence for the earliest wildfire. Geology 32(5),pp. 381-383. (10.1130/G20363.1)

• Edwards, D., Axe, L. andDuckett, J. G. 2003. Diversity in conducting cells in early land plants andcomparisons with extant bryophytes. Botanical Journal of theLinnean Society 141(3), pp. 297-347. (10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.00153.x)

• Habgood, K. S., Edwards, D. and Axe, L.2002. New perspectives onCooksonia from the Lower Devonian of the Welsh Borderland. BotanicalJournal of the Linnean Society 139(4), pp. 339-359. (10.1046/j.1095-8339.2002.00073.x)

• Edwards, D., Axe, L. and Mendez, E. 2001. A new genus for isolatedbivalved sporangia with thickened margins from the Lower Devonian of the WelshBorderland. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 137(3),pp. 297-310. (10.1111/j.1095-8339.2001.tb01125.x)

• Edwards, D. and Axe, L. 2000. Novel conducting tissues inLower Devonian plants. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 134(1-2),pp. 383-399. (10.1111/j.1095-8339.2000.tb02359.x)

• Edwards, D., Wellman, C. H. andAxe, L. 1999. Tetradsin sporangia and spore masses from the Upper Silurian and Lower Devonian of theWelsh Borderland. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 130(2),pp. 111-156. (10.1111/j.1095-8339.1999.tb00515.x)

• Wellman, C. H., Edwards, D. andAxe, L. 1998. Ultrastructureof laevigate hilate spores in sporangia and spore masses from the UpperSilurian and Lower Devonian of the Welsh Borderland. PhilosophicalTransactions of the Royal Society of London Series B - Biological Sciences 353(1378),pp. 1983-2004.

• Wellman, C. H., Edwards, D. andAxe, L. 1998. Permanentdyads in sporangia and spore masses from the Lower Devonian of the WelshBorderland. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 127(2),pp. 117-147. (10.1111/j.1095-8339.1998.tb02092.x)

• Wellman, C. H., Edwards, D. andAxe, L. 1996. Curationof exceptionally preserved early land plant fossils: problems and solutions. Curator:The Museum Journal 39(3), pp. 209-216. (10.1111/j.2151-6952.1996.tb01094.x)

• Edwards, D. et al. 1996. Ultrastructure ofsynorisporites downtonensis and retusotriletes cf. coronadus in spore massesfrom the Pridoli of the Welsh Borderland. Palaeontology 39(3),pp. 783-800.

• Edwards, D. et al. 1995. Coprolites as evidence forplant–animal interaction in Siluro–Devonian terrestrial ecosystems. Nature 377(6547),pp. 329-331. (10.1038/377329a0)

• Edwards, D. et al. 1995. Exceptional preservation inLower Devonian coalified fossils from the Welsh Borderland: a new genus basedon reniform sporangia lacking thickened borders. Botanical Journalof the Linnean Society 117(3), pp. 233-254. (10.1111/j.1095-8339.1995.tb00454.x)

• Edwards, D. et al. 1995. The ultrastructure of sporesof Cooksonia pertoni. Palaeontology 38(1), pp. 153-168.

• Edwards, D., Davies, K. L. andAxe, L. 1992. Avascular conducting strand in the early land plant Cooksonia. Nature 357(6380),pp. 683-685. (10.1038/357683a0)

• Edwards, D. et al. 1986. Studies on Lower Devonianpetrifactions from Britain, 3. Notes on putative fungal remains inzosterophylls from the Brecon Beacons, Powys, South Wales. Reviewof Palaeobotany and Palynology 48(1-3), pp. 241-251. (10.1016/0034-6667(86)90060-6)

BookSections

• Rogerson, C. et al. 2002. A new embryophyte from theUpper Silurian of Shropshire, England. In: Studies in PalaeozoicPalaeontology and Biostratigraphy in Honour of Charles Hepworth Holland. SpecialPapers in Palaeontology, Vol. 67. Aberystwyth:  PalaeontologicalAssociation, pp. 233-249.

• Wellman, C. H. and Axe, L. 1999. Extracting plant mesofossilsand megafossils by bulk acid maceration. In: Jones, T. P. andRowe, N. P. eds. Fossil Plants and Spores: modern techniques.  Bath: Geological Society of London, pp. 11-14.

• Edwards, D., Wellman, C. and Axe, L. 1998.The fossil record of earlyland plants and interrelationships between primitive embryophytes: too littleand too late?. In: Bates, J. W., Ashton, N. W. andDuckett, J. G. eds. Bryology for the Twenty-First Century.  Leeds: British Bryological Society (Maney Publishing), pp. 15-43.

Conferenceor Workshop Items

• Morris, J. et al. 2011. Small is beautiful:investigations into Early Devonian plant mesofossils from the Welsh borderland,UK. Presented at: The Palaeontological Association 55th Annual Meeting, Plymouth,UK, 17-20 December 2011.

• Edwards, D. and Axe, L. 1992. Stomata and mechanics ofstomatal functioning in some early land plants. Presented at: InternationalSymposium on Palaeobotany "Anatomical Investigations of PlantFossils": 3rd International Senckenberg Conference, Frankfurt amMain, Germany, 1990. Published in: Schaarschmidt, F. ed. InternationalSymposium on Palaeobotany "Anatomical Investigations of PlantFossils": 3rd International Senckenberg Conference Frankfurt am Main 1990. CourierForschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Vol.147. Stuttgart: Schweizerbart und Borntraeger, pp. 59-73.

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