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“学生”和“学徒”
2008.02.22
黎在珣兄在博文《不要上<师从天才>的当》博文中指出很多人读了《师从天才》一书,会进入以为跟了有名的老师就会有在学术上有成就的误区,很是恰当。不过如果仔细读了该书,应该不会进入这种误区。
博文《不要上<师从天才>的当》博文链接:http://www.sciencenet.cn/blog/user_content.aspx?id=16014
《给天才做学徒》
其实我一直觉得该书书名翻译为《师从天才》是不太合适。书名译得不太合适,让人有些被误导就难免了。
书的原名是《Apprentice to Genius-the making of a scientific dynasty》,译成《给天才做学徒-一个科学王朝的形成》更合适,因为在中文中“师从”和“做学徒”具有明显不同的含义。因为今天在中文中“师父”和“师”含义其实很不同,我认为即使翻译成《以天才做师父》也比《师从天才》要更达意一些。
做“学徒”和做“学生”其实是非常不同的概念。
字典上对Apprentice的定义是:
One bound by legal agreement to work for another for a specific amount of time in return for instruction in a trade, an art, or a business.
(学徒:一个经过合法协议必须为另一个人工作一定时间,以回报得到商业,艺术或生意上的指导)。
师徒关系的核心
师徒之间传承的,往往是道可道,非常道的东西,是通过密切的直接交流、讨论和范例来实现的。
书的作者在前言中说:
Nobel Prize winner P.B. Medawar once wrote, in Advice to a Young Scientist, that 'any scientist of any age who wants to make important discoveries must study important problems.' But waht makes a problem "important"? And how do you know it when you see it? The answers don't come from reading them in a book, or even by explicitly being taught them. More often, they're conveyed by example, through the slow accretion of numbled asides and grumbled curses, by smiles, frowns, and exclamations over years of a close working relationship between an established scientist and his or her protege.
This is a book about one such interlocking chain of mentor relationships.
所以,《Apprentice to Genius》全书讲的都是师徒之间“亲密接触”中的喜怒哀乐、甚至悲欢离合,以及它们如何在徒弟的思维方式和研究习惯上留下独特的烙印。
做研究生,并不是在做“学生”,而是在做“学徒”。在中国,很多研究生把做“学徒”当成“学生”做,给他们自己的学业和前途带来很大的问题和困惑。
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