在过去的50年里，人们对农药的需求和使用都出现了巨大的增长。然而，农药在没有干预的情况下很难完全降解，因此农药残留可能在许多方面对非目标生物构成持续的威胁。针对农药产品滥用和环境中农药残留过多的问题，化学和生物降解方法得到了广泛的发展，但规模较小，不足以解决这一污染。近年来，以合成生物学原理为指导的生物降解工具得到了进一步的研究，为农药降解铺平了道路。结合定制化设计策略和标准化装配模式，多维度降解工程菌已成为农药残留降解的有效工具。本综述介绍了不同农药的作用机理和危害，总结了目前在农药残留降解中的应用方法，讨论了合成生物学在农药残留降解中的优势、应用和前景，以“Degradation strategies of pesticide residue: From chemicals to synthetic biology”为题发表在Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology期刊上。

Fig. 1. Mechanisms of pesticides. (A) Ach: acetylcholine; AchR: acetylcholine receptors; VGSC: voltage-gated sodium channel. (D) AchE: acetylcholinesterase; CIC: chloride channels.

Fig. 2. Harm of pesticide residue to ecology and environment.

Fig. 3. Photochemical degradation pathways of pyrethroids.

Fig. 4. Chemical degradation and biological degradation. Pesticides can be degraded into harmless molecules through multiple chemical degradation methods mentioned above while enzymes can degrade pesticides transported into the cell step by step. When pesticides can't be degraded completely by chemical methods, intermediates still can be transported into the cell and end up with harmless molecules.

Fig. 5. Various ways used by microorganisms to metabolize imidacloprid.

Fig. 6. Diagrammatic of a surface display system using INP.

Degradation strategies of pesticide residue: From chemicals to synthetic biology

Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology是高质量国际开放获取期刊，创刊于2016年。期刊覆盖合成生物学、系统生物学以及生物医药等领域。期刊现已被SCIE、EMBASE、PubMed Central、Scopus、CSCD等重要数据库收录。