2016年5月27日，矮牵牛基因组的论文发表于《Nature Plants》。

论文题目：Insight into the evolution of the Solanaceae from the parental genomes of Petunia hybrida

DOI：doi:10.1038/nplants.2016.74

同大多数基因组论文一样，这篇基因论文也是国际合作的成果，57名作者，32个作者单位，遍布美国、瑞士、中国、荷兰等。《Nature Plants》是Nature出版集团于2015年新创立的一个期刊，目前还没有影响因子，但从定位和出版的文章的水平看，估计不会低，可能会与《Nautre Communications》相当。

矮牵牛（Petunia hybrida）属于茄科（Solanaceae），是一种流行的花坛植物，长期作为一个遗传模式系统。这篇论文报道了矮牵牛的两个野生亲本的基因组，P. axillaris N 和 P. inflata S6。矮牵牛的基因组大小大约是1.4Gb，14对染色体。报道的两个基因组分别注释到32928和36697个编码蛋白基因。P. axillaris N 基因组的组装利用了137 X的二代测序（Illumina）数据和 21 X三代测序（PacBio）技术数据，P. inflata S6 基因组的组装利用了 135 X 的二代测序数据，测序深度都不低。相信矮牵牛基因组的发布会推动自交不亲和、花色等方面的研究。

论文摘要：

Petunia hybrida is a popular bedding plant that has a long history as a genetic model system. We report the whole-genome sequencing and assembly of inbred derivatives of its two wild parents, P. axillaris N and P. inflata S6. The assemblies include 91.3% and 90.2% coverage of their diploid genomes (1.4 Gb; 2n = 14) containing 32,928 and 36,697 protein-coding genes, respectively. The genomes reveal that the Petunia lineage has experienced at least two rounds of hexaploidization: the older gamma event, which is shared with most Eudicots, and a more recent Solanaceae event that is shared with tomato and other solanaceous species. Transcription factors involved in the shift from bee to moth pollination reside in particularly dynamic regions of the genome, which may have been key to the remarkable diversity of floral colour patterns and pollination systems. The high-quality genome sequences will enhance the value of Petunia as a model system for research on unique biological phenomena such as small RNAs, symbiosis, self-incompatibility and circadian rhythms.

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