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在当今对高能量密度电源需求日益增长的时代,安全的锂金属电池(LMBs)研发至关重要。锂金属电池具有很高的能量密度,但也存在一些安全隐患,比如热失控问题,这限制了它的广泛应用。最近,科学家们有了新的突破。他们制备了一种基于含磷的二乙基乙烯基膦酸酯(DEVP)的凝胶聚合物电解质(PD - VI GPE)。这种制备方法很特别,是通过原位γ射线辐射聚合来完成的,得到的电解质离子电导率高达6.38 mS cm⁻¹。在锂金属电池中,这种电解质能发挥重要作用。它可以促使锂铜扣式电池中形成均匀、致密且富含氟和磷的固体电解质界面(SEI)。这层界面就像一个“保护罩”,能有效抑制界面副反应,让锂的沉积过程更加稳定。用这种电解质组装的软包电池表现也很出色,比能量能达到420 Wh kg⁻¹,并且在经过80次充放电循环后,容量还能保留89%。此外,科学家还发明了一种新型的原位隔膜热收缩测试方法。测试发现,涂有PD - VI GPE的Celgard隔膜在129°C时仍能保持结构完整。而且,PD - VI GPE中的磷官能团就像“氧气小卫士”,能在电池处于异常情况时,捕捉氧自由基,抑制正极产生氧气。这样一来,使用PD - VI GPE的锂金属电池就能有效抑制热失控,还能耐受一定的机械滥用。这项研究为解决锂金属电池的界面稳定性和安全挑战提供了新的材料设计思路,为锂金属电池在高安全要求的能源系统中的应用铺平了道路。
期刊
Energy&Environmental Materials
标题
Phosphorus-Structured Gel Electrolytes Enable Dual Protection for Thermal Runaway-Resistant Lithium Metal Batteries
作者
Zeyu Zhang, Fan Jiang, Xibang Chen, Mingshu Xie, Songtong Zhang, Pengchen Zhao, Xiayu Zhu, Jintao Li, Jing Peng, Weibo Hua, Wenqi Huang, Jiuqiang Li, Xue Yang, Bin Liao, Le Yu, Maolin Zhai, Jingyi Qiu
摘要
The development of safe lithium metal batteries (LMBs) is critical for practical applications with high-energy density demanding. In this study, a phosphorus-containing diethyl vinylphosphonate (DEVP)-based gel polymer electrolyte (PD-VI GPE) with high ionic conductivity of 6.38 mS cm−1 is prepared by in situ γ-ray radiation polymerization. The PD-VI GPE induces the formation of a uniform, dense fluorine-, and phosphorus-rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) in Li||Cu coin cells, effectively suppressing interfacial side reactions and enabling stable lithium deposition. Pouch cells assembled with the PD-VI GPE (2 g Ah−1) exhibit a specific energy of 420 Wh kg−1 with 89% capacity retention over 80 cycles. A novel in situ separator thermal shrinkage assay reveals that the PD-VI GPE-coated Celgard separator maintains structural integrity at 129 °C. Phosphorus-functional groups in the PD-VI GPE act as oxygen radical scavengers, inhibiting cathode-derived O2 evolution in abusive conditions. Thus, LMBs assembled with the PD-VI GPE demonstrate suppressed thermal runaway and mechanical abuse tolerance. This study establishes a material design paradigm that concurrently addresses interfacial stability and safety challenges, paving the way for the application of LMBs in energy systems with high-safety requirements.
原文链接
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eem2.70149
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静远嘲风-南京(MY Scimage) 成立于2007年,嘲风取自中国传统文化中龙生九子,子子不同的传说,嘲风为守护屋脊之瑞兽,喜登高望远;静远取自成语“宁静致远”,登高莫忘初心,远观而不可务远。

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