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转化生长因子β(transforming growth factor-β,TGF-β)超家族是一类能调节炎症和纤维化反应的细胞因子,它能激活丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶受体磷酸化受体调节型Smad蛋白(Smad2/3),后者与Smad4形成复合物并入核调控靶基因转录,是纤维化、细胞外基质重塑及上皮/内皮-间充质转分化(EMT/EndoMT)研究的核心通路,其中Smad3被认为是介导促纤维化效应的关键效应分子。SIS3(AbMole,M8149)是一种Smad3抑制剂:SIS3(CAS No.:521984-48-5,AbMole,M8149)以微摩尔量级的IC50(约3 μmol/L)抑制Smad3磷酸化,为解析TGF-β/Smad3信号提供了经典工具分子。
在Mv1Lu肺上皮细胞的p3TP-lux报告基因体系中,SIS3(AbMole,M8149)剂量依赖性地抑制TGF-β1 诱导的转录活性;免疫沉淀分析显示其阻断Smad3的C端磷酸化及其与Smad4的相互作用,而对Smad2磷酸化无显著影响。在真皮成纤维细胞中,SIS3(CAS No.:521984-48-5,AbMole,M8149)可抑制TGF-β1诱导的I型前胶原表达与肌成纤维细胞分化,并完全消除硬皮病来源成纤维细胞中组成性的Smad3磷酸化与细胞外基质过度表达。
在体内研究中,SIS3(AbMole,M8149)被广泛用于多种纤维化造模的干预验证。例如有研究在链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导的糖尿病肾病模型中发现,小鼠肾组织中Smad3磷酸化持续升高,经渗透压微泵给予2.5 mg/kg/day的SIS3(CAS No.:521984-48-5,AbMole,M8149)8周,可显著抑制糖基化终末产物驱动的内皮-间充质转分化(EndoMT),减少肾间质肌成纤维细胞蓄积与胶原Ⅳ、纤维连接蛋白沉积,延缓小鼠早期糖尿病肾病进展。还有文献在博来霉素(Bleomycin)诱导的小鼠肺纤维化模型中也观察到了SIS3对Smad3活化与肺组织纤维化程度的抑制作用。
除纤维化领域外,SIS3(AbMole,M8149)还被发现可逆转ABC转运体介导的多药耐药表型。有研究证实0.1–0.7 μmol/L的SIS3(CAS No.:521984-48-5,AbMole,M8149)即能显著逆转ABCB1(P-糖蛋白)与ABCG2介导的底物外排,其机制与刺激转运体ATP酶活性(对ABCB1与ABCG2的EC50分别约160 nmol/L与60 nmol/L)、增加Calcein AM与Pheophorbide A(脱镁叶绿酸 A)等底物在细胞内的蓄积有关,且该效应独立于Smad3信号。
作为Smad3的经典抑制剂,SIS3(AbMole,M8149)在TGF-β信号解析、器官纤维化造模干预以及ABC转运体功能研究中均有广泛应用。
参考文献及鸣谢
[1] Jinnin M, Ihn H, Tamaki K. Characterization of SIS3, a novel specific inhibitor of Smad3, and its effect on transforming growth factor-beta1-induced extracellular matrix expression. Mol Pharmacol, 2006, 69(2): 597-607. DOI: 10.1124/mol.105.017483.
[2] Itoh Y, Sawaguchi T, Fu H, et al. Indole-derived compound SIS3 targets a subset of activated Smad complexes. J Biochem, 2023, 173(4): 283-291. DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvac104.
[3] Li J, Qu X, Yao J, et al. Blockade of endothelial-mesenchymal transition by a Smad3 inhibitor delays the early development of streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes, 2010, 59(10): 2612-2624. DOI: 10.2337/db09-1631.
[4] Shou J, Cao J, Zhang S, et al. SIS3, a specific inhibitor of smad3, attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2018, 503(2): 757-762. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.06.072.
[5] He H, Wang H, Chen X, et al. Treatment for type 2 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy by targeting Smad3 signaling. Int J Biol Sci, 2024, 20(1): 200-217. DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.87820.
[6] Wu CP, Murakami M, Hsiao SH, et al. SIS3, a specific inhibitor of Smad3 reverses ABCB1- and ABCG2-mediated multidrug resistance in cancer cell lines. Cancer Lett, 2018, 433: 259-272. DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.07.004.
细胞实验参考
细胞系:Mouse NIH3T3 embryonic fibroblast cell line
方法:Cells were activated into cancer-associated fibroblasts by K7M2 osteosarcoma-conditioned medium; expression levels of α-SMA and FAP (CAF activation markers) were detected by Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining; phosphorylation status of Smad3 was analyzed to evaluate TGF-β/Smad3 pathway inhibition efficacy; collagen gel contraction assay, wound healing assay and transwell migration assay were performed to assess cell functional phenotypes
浓度:5 μM
处理时间:48 h for protein expression detection and collagen gel contraction assay; 24 h for wound healing and transwell migration assays
参考文献:Biomaterials. 2025 Jan;412:223564
上述方法来自公开文献,仅供相同目的实验参考。如实验目的、材料、方法不同,请参考其他文献。
动物实验参考
动物模型:Male db/db mice (C57BLKS background), 4 weeks old, spontaneous type 2 diabetes mellitus with diabetic nephropathy model
配制:Dissolved in DMSO first, then diluted in 0.9% sodium chloride solution supplemented with 0.1% DMSO and 5% Tween 80 for intraperitoneal injection
剂量:1.25, 2.5, 5 mg/kg
给药处理:Intraperitoneal injection, once daily for 8 consecutive weeks, initiated at 4 weeks of age (pre-diabetic stage)
参考文献:Cell Death Dis. 2022 Jul 12;13 (7):609
上述方法来自公开文献,仅供相同目的实验参考。如实验目的、材料、方法不同,请参考其他文献。
体内实验的工作液,建议现用现配,当天使用;如在配制过程中出现沉淀、析出现象,可以通过超声和(或)加热的方式助溶。切勿一次性将产品全部溶解。

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