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细胞内蛋白质的合成与降解处于精密的动态平衡中,而蛋白酶体是执行选择性降解的核心分子机器。Carfilzomib(PR-171,AbMole,M2152)是一种第二代蛋白酶体抑制剂。Carfilzomib(CAS No.:868540-17-4)通过其环氧酮结构中的环氧基团与蛋白酶体β5亚基活性中心的N端苏氨酸残基发生不可逆共价结合,形成稳定的吗啉环加合物,从而持久性抑制蛋白酶体的糜蛋白酶样活性[1]。这种不可逆结合模式赋予Carfilzomib(PR-171,AbMole,M2152)更长的靶点占据时间和更低的脱靶效应。 Carfilzomib(PR-171,AbMole,M2152)的抑制活性在多种血液肿瘤细胞系中得到验证。Carfilzomib在RPMI-8226多发性骨髓瘤细胞中,5–20 nM处理24小时可抑制蛋白酶体活性超过80%,并诱导泛素化蛋白积累和细胞凋亡;近似的,在OCI-MY5和K562细胞中,10–50 nM的Carfilzomib可激活未折叠蛋白反应(UPR)并上调CHOP表达[2]。与第一代蛋白酶体抑制剂Bortezomib 的头对头比较显示,Carfilzomib(CAS No.:868540-17-4)在相似浓度下对蛋白酶体的抑制更持久,且对神经细胞的毒性显著降低,这与Carfilzomib不抑制非蛋白酶体的丝氨酸蛋白酶(如HtrA2/Omi)有关[3]。动物实验中,Carfilzomib(PR-171,AbMole,M2152)在小鼠多发性骨髓瘤移植瘤模型中通过静脉注射(3–5 mg/kg,每周两次)可显著抑制肿瘤生长并延长生存期,并且Carfilzomib在动物实验中表现出良好的生物安全性[4]。
参考文献及鸣谢
[1] Demo, S. D.; Kirk, C. J.; Aujay, M. A.; et al. Antitumor activity of PR-171, a novel irreversible inhibitor of the proteasome. Cancer Research 2007, 67 (13), 6383–6391.
[2] Kuhn, D. J.; Chen, Q.; Voorhees, P. M.; et al. Potent activity of carfilzomib, a novel, irreversible inhibitor of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, against preclinical models of multiple myeloma. Blood 2007, 110 (9), 3281–3290.
[3] Arastu-Kapur, S.; Anderl, J. L.; Kraus, M.; et al. Nonproteasomal targets of the proteasome inhibitors bortezomib and carfilzomib: a link to clinical adverse events. Clinical Cancer Research 2011, 17 (9), 2734–2743.
[4] Siegel, D. S.; Martin, T.; Wang, M.; et al. A phase 2 study of single-agent carfilzomib (PX-171-003-A1) in patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. Blood 2012, 120 (14), 2817–2825.
[5] Moreau, P.; Attal, M.; Hulin, C.; et al. Bortezomib, thalidomide, and dexamethasone with or without daratumumab before and after autologous stem-cell transplantation for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (CASSIOPEIA): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 study. The Lancet 2019, 394 (10192), 29–38.
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