Methyl donor micronutrients orchestrate lipid metabolism: The role of DNA methylation modification   

Li Han1, Qiyu Tian1, Qi Han1, Yulong Yin2, Jie Yin1#, Xingguo Huang1#

1 College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China

2 Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China

摘要  

DNA 甲基化是最重要的表观遗传修饰方式，在调节脂质代谢中起着至关重要的作用。已有研究揭示，异常的DNA甲基化模式与脂质代谢紊乱之间存在显著的相关性。最新研究表明，甲基营养素(蛋氨酸、叶酸、胆碱、甜菜碱和B族维生素) 的供给状态（无论是缺乏还是过量）可影响DNA甲基化模式，从而影响脂质代谢。这些影响体现在全局性及特定启动子区域的DNA甲基化水平变化上，可能调控与脂质代谢紧密相关的基因表达模式。然而，关于甲基营养素如何通过DNA甲基化修饰调节脂质代谢的机制以及甲基营养素补充对DNA甲基化谱的调控作用尚不完全清楚。本综述系统性地概述了DNA甲基化在脂质代谢中的调控作用，并着重探讨了甲基营养素对脂质代谢的潜在影响，同时引入了DNA甲基化介导的脂肪形成和脂肪沉积的最新研究。综上所述，本综述不仅加深了我们对甲基营养素、DNA甲基化与脂质代谢之间复杂相互作用的理解，还为精准调控畜禽脂质代谢、优化肉质及推动畜牧业可持续发展提供了了有价值的信息。

Abstract  

DNA methylation, a key epigenetic modification, plays a crucial role in regulating lipid metabolism. Consistent correlations have been observed between aberrant DNA methylation patterns and lipid metabolic disorders. Emerging evidence indicates that methyl donor micronutrients could influence DNA methylation patterns, consequently exerting an influence on lipid metabolism. Specifically, the deficiency or excesses of methyl donor micronutrients (folate, choline, betaine, B vitamins and methionine) have been associated with altered DNA methylation patterns linked to lipid metabolism. These alteration in DNA methylation levels, occurring globally and within promoter regions, could affect gene expression related to lipid metabolism. However, the mechanisms through which methyl donor micronutrients regulate lipid metabolism via the DNA methylation modification and the role of methyl donor micronutrients supplementation on DNA methylation profiles remain unclear. In this review, we summarized the regulatory role of DNA methylation in lipid metabolism, and highlighted recent findings investigating the impact of methyl donor micronutrients on lipid metabolism, as well as DNA methylation-mediated adipogenesis and adipose deposition. Taken together, this review deepened our understanding of how the complex interplay between methyl donor micronutrients, DNA methylation, and lipid metabolism, and provides valuable information for accurately regulating lipid metabolism of livestock and poultry, thereby improving meat quality, and promoting the development of animal husbandry.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095311924003691