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作者:小丫 来源: 嘉因
最近最火的莫过于Cell上的一系列TCGA paper,新朋友可能对挖掘TCGA数据的工具感兴趣《TCGA,她已经用了七年 | 资深用户深度点评》。小丫最感兴趣的是下面这篇,因为它讲了enhancer:
接下来看结果图和主要结论
Figure 1. Overview of Enhancer Expression in TCGA RNA-Seq Data
等等,好像哪里不对
原来是核小体上缠绕的DNA方向画反了。
小伙伴儿拿出任大大的review:小丫你看,任大大就是这么画的。
Figure 2: Identification of regulatory SNPs.
出自Hawkins, R. D., Hon, G. C., & Ren, B. (2010). Next-generation genomics: an integrative approach. Nature Reviews Genetics, 11(7), 476-486.
咳咳,任大大也画反了。
正确的方向是这样画的:
Figure 1: Chromatin structure and DNA accessibility at genes.
出自Bell, O., Tiwari, V. K., Thomä, N. H., & Schübeler, D. (2011). Determinants and dynamics of genome accessibility. Nature Reviews Genetics, 12(8), 554-64.
Figure 2: Potential effects of histone modifications on histone–DNA and histone–histone interactions.
出自Tessarz, P., & Kouzarides, T. (2014). Histone core modifications regulating nucleosome structure and dynamics. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol,15(11), 703-8.
各种角度的核小体,这篇paper的作者都没画错
Figure 1: Multiple levels of chromatin folding.
出自Fyodorov, D. V., Zhou, B. R., Skoultchi, A. I., & Bai, Y. (2017). Emerging roles of linker histones in regulating chromatin structure and function. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 19(3).
核小体模式图方向混乱的问题,2009年就有人看不过去了,专门写了一篇:Lavelle, C. (2009). Left is right, right is wrong. Embo Reports, 10(11), 1185–1186.
Figure 1 Nucleosome chirality. Front and side views of (A) acanonical nucleosome (L-octasome), (B) an artefactual right-handed nucleosome, which shows how a simple mirror inversion also changes DNA chirality, and (C) a true reversome (R-octasome). Original nucleosome and reversome drawings kindly provided by Hua Wong.
为什么核小体喜欢左旋呢?
2015年的这篇Cell Reports揭示了机制:
出自Vlijm, R., Lee, M., Lipfert, J., Lusser, A., Dekker, C., & Dekker, N. H. (2015). Nucleosome assembly dynamics involve spontaneous fluctuations in the handedness of tetrasomes. Cell Reports, 10(2), 216-25.
其实不用那么复杂,搓过麻绳的都明白其中的道理
小伙伴儿一定记得DNA喜欢右旋
此图来自http://www.macmillanhighered.com/BrainHoney/Resource/6716/digital_first_content/trunk/test/hillis2e/hillis2e_ch03_2.html
右旋的DNA缠绕成核小体就喜欢左旋啦!拿根绳子,一直向右拧,拧到绳子自动扭回来时,一定是左旋的,小丫献出手机充电线:
再回来看麻绳:
此图出自http://www.azukaropes.com/tag/s-twist/
今天先到这吧~下期学习这篇enhancer paper。
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