Oh, the places they'll go! A survey of phytopathogen effectors and their host targets

Phytopathogens (植物病原菌) translocate (转运) effector proteins (效应蛋白) into plant cells where they sabotage (破坏) the host cellular machinery to promote infection. An individual pathogen can translocate numerous distinct effectors during the infection process to target an array of host macromolecules 大分子 (proteins, metabolites, DNA, etc.) and manipulate them using a variety of enzymatic activities (酶活性). In this review, we have surveyed the literature for effector targets and curated them to convey the range of functions carried out by phytopathogenic proteins inside host cells. In particular, we have curated the locations of effector targets, as well as their biological and molecular functions and compared these properties across diverse phytopathogens. This analysis validates (验证) previous observations about effector functions (e.g. immunosuppression 免疫抑制), and also highlights some interesting features regarding effector specificity (特异性) as well as functional diversification of phytopathogen virulence (毒力) strategies.

植物病原菌会把效应物转运近植物细胞，进而效应物通过破坏宿主细胞内部正常功能运转以促进病原菌的侵染。单个植物病原菌在整个侵染过程中会转运许多不同的效应物以靶向一系列的蛋白、代谢物和DNA等大分子，并且通过多种酶活来操纵这些大分子。本文详细梳理了以往关于效应物靶向的文献，总结了病原菌效应蛋白在宿主细胞中的功能范围。特别地，本文总结了效应物靶向的位置及其生物学和分子功能，并比较了不同病原菌之间的差异。这个分析证实了之前的一些关于效应物功能的观察，比如效应物的免疫抑制。本文还揭示了一些效应物特异性方面有意思的特性，同样还有病原菌毒性策略的功能多样化。

通讯：Darrell Desveaux (https://csb.utoronto.ca/faculty/darrell-desveaux/)

个人简介：1997年，麦克吉尔大学，学士；1998年，麦克吉尔大学，硕士；2002年，蒙特利尔大学，博士。

研究方向：植物病原菌侵染及宿主防御响应。

doi: 10.1111/tpj.13780