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今天上课的时候,教授讲到能量的原子单位是hartree,这个单位是以Douglas Rayner Hartree的名字命名的。这个人就是发展Hartree-Fock方法的那个Hartree。
有意思的是,教授提到,以人名命名的国际单位,(scientific units named after people)全称的首写字母都是小写,其缩写是大写。但是,以人名命名的定理,(scientific laws namedafter people)首字母都是大写。他还强调了一下,大家注意不要写错了。
首先举几个国际单位的例子。
温度单位degreeCelsius (°C), temperature – Anders Celsius
温度单位kelvin(K), thermodynamic temperature – Lord Kelvin
电流单位ampere(A), electric current – André-Marie Ampère
电荷单位coulomb(C), electric charge – Charles-Augustin de Coulomb
能量单位joule(J), energy, work, heat – James Prescott Joule
力的单位newton(N), force – Isaac Newton
电阻单位ohm(Ω), electrical resistance – Georg Ohm
压强单位pascal(Pa), pressure – Blaise Pascal
电压单位volt(V), electric potential, electromotive force – Alessandro Volta
同理,以下一些科学研究中常用的单位也是如此 (注意,这些不是国际单位,后来经老师指出,所以有时候用法比较混乱,不过强烈建议依照国际单位规范,全名小写,缩写用大写。)
电偶极矩debye(D), electric dipole moment – Peter Debye
长度单位ångström(Å), distance – Anders Jonas Ångström
放射性单位curie(Ci), radioactivity – Marie and Pierre Curie
质量单位dalton(Da), atomic mass – John Dalton
有意思的是,hartree这个单位没有被Wikipedia收录,我自己来加一个。
能量hartree (H), atomic energy - Douglas Rayner Hartree
那再举一些以科学家名字命名的定理。在自然科学界,有大量的定理,方程或名词以Fermi,Gauss, Hilbert, Helmholtz, Lagrange命名,从这些名字就能看出这些科学家在这个领域的突出贡献。
EnricoFermi(Cosmology宇宙学,Physics物理)Fermi paradox, Fermi's golden rule, Fermiacceleration, Fermi hole, Fermionic field, Fermi level
JohannCarl Friedrich Gauss数学,物理学 Gauss'slaw, Gauss's law for magnetism, Gauss's principle of least constraint, Gauss'sdigamma theorem, Gauss's hypergeometric theorem, Gaussian function 高斯大概是我除了祖冲之意外听说的第一个数学家,就是学小学奥数就会学到的一个人,他在小学三年级很快的计算出了1+2+3+…+100的加和,并提出等差数列概念,创立了相关理论。
Hermannvon Helmholtz(物理学,热力学)Helmholtz's theorems, Helmholtztheorem, Helmholtz free energy, Helmholtz decomposition, Helmholtz equation, Helmholtzresonance
Joseph-LouisLagrange (数学,天文学) Lagrangian point, Lagrangereversion theorem, Lagrange polynomial, Lagrange's four-square theorem,Lagrange's theorem, Lagrange's theorem (group theory),
Lagrange invariant, Lagrange multiplier,
DavidHilbert(数学)Hilbert's basis theorem, Hilbert'saxioms, Hilbert function, Hilbert's irreducibility theorem, Hilbert's syzygytheorem, Hilbert's Theorem 90, Hilbert's theorem
Pierre-SimonLaplace(Mathematics, Physics, ProbabilityTheory, Statistical mechanics)Laplace transform,Laplace's equation, Laplace operator, Laplace distribution, Laplace invariant,Laplace expansion, Laplace principle, Laplace limit
当然,还有一些我叫得上名字的理论方程。
Arrhenius equation - Chemical kinetics -Svante Arrhenius
Avogadro's law - Thermodynamics - AmedeoAvogadro
Beer–Lambert law - Optics - August Beer,Johann Heinrich Lambert
Boltzmann equation - Thermodynamics -Ludwig Boltzmann
Coulomb's law - Physics - Charles Augustinde Coulomb
Curie's law - Physics - Pierre Curie
Doppler effect - Physics - ChristianDoppler
Einstein's general theory of relativity,Einstein's special theory of relativity - Physics - Albert Einstein
Moore's law - Computing - Gordon Moore
Le Chatelier's principle - Chemistry -Henri Louis le Chatelier
Schrödinger equation - Physics - ErwinSchrödinger
恩,给自己又科普了一把!
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