结构论 – 自组装进化论，包括，精神论与机器论、4世界理论与4轴心时代理论和系统医学与生物工业等构成的哲学与科学体系。

(基督新教与诠释：法国-德国-荷兰-英国哲学；工程技术与工业：从机械、电子、化工、软件和纳米、生物等技术，形成动力机、计算机、传感器和反应器等制造工业。）

Synthetic systems biology

- http://www.nature.com/nature/focus/syntheticsytemsbiology/index.html -

Synthetic biology is the engineering of biology: the synthesis of complex, biologically based, or inspired, systems which display functions that do not exist in nature.

Many scientists believe that this approach will ultimately result in the rational and systematic design of systems thatmay help us to address the major challenges of the future.

Possible applications of synthetic biology could include the creation of systems to generate power, new medical applications, nanoscale biological computers, new approaches to cleaning up dangerous waste or sensitive biosensors for health or security applications.

Traditional biology has sought to understand existing biological systems. We now understand enough of the 'rules'of the construction of these natural systems and the aim of Synthetic Biology is to design biological components in a standardised manner and combine these to construct novel genetic devices, metabolic pathways, optical or electronicdevices. It is built on the ease with which it is now possible to synthesise genes and large DNA fragments and the standardisation of the ways these can be put together in bacteria.

The involvement of engineers, physical scientists, chemists and biologists can create designed cells, enzymes and biological modules that can be combined in a defined manner. These could be used to make complex metabolic pathways for pharmaceuticals, novel hybrid biosensors or novel routes to biofuels.

- http://www.ucl.ac.uk/synbion/whatis -

UK Synthetic Biology Networks

- http://www.ucl.ac.uk/synbion/network/links -