博文
诺奖发现 青蒿素
||
Artemisin is an organic compound with molecular formula C15H22O5 and relative molecular weight 282.34. [1]
Artemisinin is a colorless acicular crystal with a melting point of 156~157 ℃. It is easily soluble in chloroform, acetone, ethyl acetate and benzene, soluble in ethanol and ether, slightly soluble in cold petroleum ether, and almost insoluble in water. Because of its special peroxy group, it is unstable to heat and easy to be decomposed under the influence of moisture, heat and reducing substances. [1]
Artemisinin is the most effective drug to treat malaria drug resistance, and the combination therapy mainly based on artemisinin drugs is also the most effective and important means to treat malaria at present. However, in recent years, with the deepening of research, other effects of artemisinin have been found and applied more and more, such as anti-tumor, treatment of pulmonary hypertension, anti diabetes, embryotoxicity, antifungal, immune regulation, anti-virus [2-4], anti-inflammatory, anti pulmonary fibrosis, anti-bacterial, cardiovascular and other pharmacological effects [2].
In October 2015, Tu Youyou, together with two other scientists, won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015 for his contribution to the creation of new antimalarial drugs, artemisinin and dihydroartemisinin. [5-6]
青蒿素（Artemisinin）是一种有机化合物，分子式为C15H22O5，相对分子质量282.34。 [1]
青蒿素为无色针状结晶，熔点为156～157℃，易溶于氯仿、丙酮、乙酸乙酯和苯，可溶于乙醇、乙醚，微溶于冷石油醚，几乎不溶于水。因其具有特殊的过氧基团，它对热不稳定，易受湿、热和还原性物质的影响而分解。 [1]
青蒿素是治疗疟疾耐药性效果最好的药物，以青蒿素类药物为主的联合疗法，也是当下治疗疟疾的最有效最重要手段。但是近年来随着研究的深入，青蒿素其它作用也越来越多被发现和应用研究，如抗肿瘤、治疗肺动脉高压、抗糖尿病、胚胎毒性、抗真菌、免疫调节、抗病毒 [2-4] 、抗炎、抗肺纤维化、抗菌、心血管作用等多种药理作用 [2] 。
2015年10月，屠呦呦因创制新型抗疟药—青蒿素和双氢青蒿素的贡献，与另外两位科学家获2015年度诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。 [5-6]
https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%9D%92%E8%92%BF%E7%B4%A0/1961334?fr=aladdin
诺奖文集 2015年诺贝尔医学奖 屠呦呦
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=space&uid=280034&do=blog&id=1355666
文献检索分析结果
http://www.pubmedplus.cn/P/SearchQuickResult?wd=8f1342fd-6000-40a8-9c6d-a453e3fecece
| 01. | 无法确认 | 67 篇 | 0.623% |
| 02. | 2022 | 418 篇 | 3.890% |
| 03. | 2021 | 648 篇 | 6.030% |
| 04. | 2020 | 577 篇 | 5.369% |
| 05. | 2019 | 521 篇 | 4.848% |
| 06. | 2018 | 546 篇 | 5.081% |
| 07. | 2017 | 619 篇 | 5.760% |
| 08. | 2016 | 644 篇 | 5.993% |
| 09. | 2015 | 592 篇 | 5.509% |
| 10. | 2014 | 541 篇 | 5.034% |
| 11. | 2013 | 505 篇 | 4.699% |
| 12. | 2012 | 509 篇 | 4.737% |
| 13. | 2011 | 488 篇 | 4.541% |
| 14. | 2010 | 419 篇 | 3.899% |
| 15. | 2009 | 384 篇 | 3.573% |
| 16. | 2008 | 377 篇 | 3.508% |
| 17. | 2007 | 309 篇 | 2.875% |
| 18. | 2006 | 271 篇 | 2.522% |
| 19. | 2005 | 202 篇 | 1.880% |
| 20. | 2004 | 186 篇 | 1.731% |
| 21. | 2003 | 148 篇 | 1.377% |
| 22. | 2002 | 139 篇 | 1.294% |
| 23. | 2001 | 132 篇 | 1.228% |
| 24. | 2000 | 120 篇 | 1.117% |
| 25. | 1999 | 117 篇 | 1.089% |
| 26. | 1998 | 127 篇 | 1.182% |
| 27. | 1997 | 97 篇 | 0.903% |
| 28. | 1996 | 78 篇 | 0.726% |
| 29. | 1995 | 63 篇 | 0.586% |
| 30. | 1994 | 82 篇 | 0.763% |
| 31. | 1993 | 49 篇 | 0.456% |
| 32. | 1992 | 43 篇 | 0.400% |
| 33. | 1991 | 26 篇 | 0.242% |
| 34. | 1990 | 26 篇 | 0.242% |
| 35. | 1989 | 38 篇 | 0.354% |
| 36. | 1988 | 22 篇 | 0.205% |
| 37. | 1987 | 31 篇 | 0.288% |
| 38. | 1986 | 23 篇 | 0.214% |
| 39. | 1985 | 29 篇 | 0.270% |
| 40. | 1984 | 19 篇 | 0.177% |
| 41. | 1983 | 10 篇 | 0.093% |
| 42. | 1982 | 20 篇 | 0.186% |
| 43. | 1981 | 5 篇 | 0.047% |
| 44. | 1980 | 1 篇 | 0.009% |
| 45. | 1956 | 1 篇 | 0.009% |
| 01. | malar j | 1119 篇 | 10.413% |
| 02. | antimicrob agents chemother | 420 篇 | 3.908% |
| 03. | am j trop med hyg | 380 篇 | 3.536% |
| 04. | plos one | 268 篇 | 2.494% |
| 05. | trans r soc trop med hyg | 191 篇 | 1.777% |
| 06. | lancet | 127 篇 | 1.182% |
| 07. | clin infect dis | 118 篇 | 1.098% |
| 08. | j med chem | 118 篇 | 1.098% |
| 09. | trop med int health | 117 篇 | 1.089% |
| 10. | lancet infect dis | 115 篇 | 1.070% |
| 01. | 中国 | 1875 篇 | 17.448% |
| 02. | 美国 | 1755 篇 | 16.332% |
| 03. | 英国 | 1028 篇 | 9.566% |
| 04. | 泰国 | 706 篇 | 6.570% |
| 05. | 印度 | 613 篇 | 5.704% |
| 06. | 法国 | 462 篇 | 4.299% |
| 07. | 瑞士 | 408 篇 | 3.797% |
| 08. | 澳大利亚 | 367 篇 | 3.415% |
| 09. | 德国 | 355 篇 | 3.304% |
| 10. | 尼日利亚 | 327 篇 | 3.043% |
| 01. | 中国北京 | 353 篇 | 3.285% |
| 02. | 中国上海 | 323 篇 | 3.006% |
| 03. | 中国广州 | 258 篇 | 2.401% |
| 04. | 中国南京 | 132 篇 | 1.228% |
| 05. | 中国重庆 | 103 篇 | 0.958% |
| 06. | 中国济南 | 84 篇 | 0.782% |
| 07. | 中国杭州 | 82 篇 | 0.763% |
| 08. | 中国成都 | 56 篇 | 0.521% |
| 09. | 中国沈阳 | 54 篇 | 0.503% |
| 10. | 中国香港 | 53 篇 | 0.493% |
| 01. | Artemisinins | 7376 篇 | 68.640% |
| 02. | Humans | 6690 篇 | 62.256% |
| 03. | Antimalarials | 6368 篇 | 59.259% |
| 04. | Animals | 3350 篇 | 31.174% |
| 05. | Malaria, Falciparum | 2881 篇 | 26.810% |
| 06. | Female | 2855 篇 | 26.568% |
| 07. | Male | 2787 篇 | 25.935% |
| 08. | Plasmodium falciparum | 2747 篇 | 25.563% |
| 09. | Malaria | 2251 篇 | 20.947% |
| 10. | Sesquiterpenes | 1984 篇 | 18.463% |
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-280034-1355668.html
上一篇：诺奖文集 2015年诺贝尔医学奖 屠呦呦
下一篇：诺奖文集 2016年诺贝尔医学奖 大隅良典
